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γλῶσσα

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: γλώσσα

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Hellenic *glṓťťā; further etymology uncertain. Per Beekes, perhaps originally “provided with a point”, equivalent to γλῶχες (glôkhes, “beard of corn”) +‎ -ια (-ia), from Proto-Indo-European *glṓgʰs ~ *gl̥gʰós (“point”) (assuming cognacy with Proto-Slavic *glogъ (“thorn, hawthorn”), but the connection is disputed).[1] Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *tulgaz (“tongue”), a poetic word, from a different Proto-Indo-European root noun *dlṓgʰs ~ *dl̥gʰós; compare γλυκύς (glukús) for the phonetics.[2] Or, possibly related to Albanian gjuhë (“tongue”),[3] but the irregular correspondence would point to a substrate language. Compare also Proto-Slavic *golgolъ (“utterance, speech”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *galsás (“voice; sound”) and Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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γλῶσσᾰ • (glôssă) f (genitive γλώσσης); first declension (Ionic)

  1. (anatomy) The tongue.
  2. A language.
  3. Anything shaped like the tongue:
    1. (music) The mouthpiece of a pipe.
    2. The tongue or thong of leather, shoe-latchet.
    3. The tongue of land.
    4. Ingot.
    5. (divination) The marking on the liver.

Declension

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First declension of ἡ γλῶσσᾰ; τῆς γλώσσης (Ionic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ γλῶσσᾰ
hē glôssă 		τὼ γλώσσᾱ
tṑ glṓssā 		αἱ γλῶσσαι
hai glôssai
Genitive τῆς γλώσσης
tês glṓssēs 		τοῖν γλώσσαιν
toîn glṓssain 		τῶν γλωσσέων / γλωσσῶν
tôn glōsséōn / glōssôn
Dative τῇ γλώσσῃ
tēî glṓssēi 		τοῖν γλώσσαιν
toîn glṓssain 		τῇσῐ / τῇσῐν γλώσσῃσῐ / γλώσσῃσῐν
tēîsĭ(n) glṓssēisĭ(n)
Accusative τὴν γλῶσσᾰν
tḕn glôssăn 		τὼ γλώσσᾱ
tṑ glṓssā 		τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς
tā̀s glṓssās
Vocative γλῶσσᾰ
glôssă 		γλώσσᾱ
glṓssā 		γλῶσσαι
glôssai
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
First declension of ἡ γλῶσσᾰ; τῆς γλώσσης (Koine)
Case / # Singular Plural
Nominative ἡ γλῶσσᾰ
hē glôssă 		αἱ γλῶσσαι
hai glôssai
Genitive τῆς γλώσσης
tês glṓssēs 		τῶν γλωσσῶν
tôn glōssôn
Dative τῇ γλώσσῃ
tēî glṓssēi 		ταῖς γλώσσαις
taîs glṓssais
Accusative τὴν γλῶσσᾰν
tḕn glôssăn 		τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς
tā̀s glṓssās
Vocative γλῶσσᾰ
glôssă 		γλῶσσαι
glôssai
First declension of ᾱ̔ γλῶσσᾰ; τᾶς γλώσσᾱς (Laconian)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ᾱ̔ γλῶσσᾰ
hā glôssă 		τὼ γλώσσᾱ
tṑ glṓssā 		ταὶ γλῶσσαι
taì glôssai
Genitive τᾶς γλώσσᾱς
tâs glṓssās 		τοῖν γλώσσαιν
toîn glṓssain 		τᾶν γλωσσᾶν
tân glōssân
Dative τᾷ γλώσσᾳ
tāî glṓssāi 		τοῖν γλώσσαιν
toîn glṓssain 		ταῖς γλώσσαις
taîs glṓssais
Accusative τᾱ̀ν γλῶσσᾰν
tā̀n glôssăn 		τὼ γλώσσᾱ
tṑ glṓssā 		τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς
tā̀s glṓssās
Vocative γλῶσσᾰ
glôssă 		γλώσσᾱ
glṓssā 		γλῶσσαι
glôssai
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
First declension of ἡ γλῶττᾰ; τῆς γλώττης (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ γλῶττᾰ
hē glôttă 		τὼ γλώττᾱ
tṑ glṓttā 		αἱ γλῶτται
hai glôttai
Genitive τῆς γλώττης
tês glṓttēs 		τοῖν γλώτταιν
toîn glṓttain 		τῶν γλωττῶν
tôn glōttôn
Dative τῇ γλώττῃ
tēî glṓttēi 		τοῖν γλώτταιν
toîn glṓttain 		ταῖς γλώτταις
taîs glṓttais
Accusative τὴν γλῶττᾰν
tḕn glôttăn 		τὼ γλώττᾱ
tṑ glṓttā 		τᾱ̀ς γλώττᾱς
tā̀s glṓttās
Vocative γλῶττᾰ
glôttă 		γλώττᾱ
glṓttā 		γλῶτται
glôttai
Notes:

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Inherited
  • Greek: γλώσσα (glóssa)
  • Italiot Greek: glossa
  • Mariupol Greek: гло́са (hlósa)
  • Tsakonian: γρούσσα (groússa)
Borrowed

References

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  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γλῶσσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*tulga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 525
  3. ^ Camarda, Demetrio (1864), Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi

Further reading

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