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γλῶσσα

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: γλώσσα

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Hellenic *glṓťťā; further etymology uncertain. Per Beekes, perhaps originally “provided with a point”, equivalent to γλῶχες (glôkhes, “beard of corn”) +‎ -ια (-ia), from Proto-Indo-European *glṓgʰs ~ *gl̥gʰós (“point”) (assuming cognacy with Proto-Slavic *glogъ (“thorn, hawthorn”), but the connection is disputed).[1]

    Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *tulgaz (“tongue”), a poetic word, from a different Proto-Indo-European root noun *dlṓgʰs ~ *dl̥gʰós; compare γλυκύς (glukús) for the phonetics.[2] Or, possibly related to Albanian gjuhë (“tongue”),[3] but the irregular correspondence would point to a substrate language. Compare also Proto-Slavic *golgolъ (“utterance, speech”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *galsás (“voice; sound”) and Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    γλῶσσᾰ • (glôssă) f (genitive γλώσσης); first declension (Ionic, Koine)

    1. (anatomy) the tongue
    2. a language
    3. anything shaped like the tongue
      1. (music) the mouthpiece of a pipe
      2. the tongue or thong of leather, shoe-latchet
      3. the tongue of land
      4. ingot
      5. (divination) a marking on the liver

    Declension

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    First declension of ἡ γλῶσσᾰ; τῆς γλώσσης (Ionic)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative ἡ γλῶσσᾰ
    hē glôssă     		τὼ γλώσσᾱ
    tṑ glṓssā     		αἱ γλῶσσαι
    hai glôssai
    Genitive τῆς γλώσσης
    tês glṓssēs     		τοῖν γλώσσαιν
    toîn glṓssain     		τῶν γλωσσέων / γλωσσῶν
    tôn glōsséōn / glōssôn
    Dative τῇ γλώσσῃ
    tēî glṓssēi     		τοῖν γλώσσαιν
    toîn glṓssain     		τῇσῐ / τῇσῐν γλώσσῃσῐ / γλώσσῃσῐν
    tēîsĭ(n) glṓssēisĭ(n)
    Accusative τὴν γλῶσσᾰν
    tḕn glôssăn     		τὼ γλώσσᾱ
    tṑ glṓssā     		τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς
    tā̀s glṓssās
    Vocative γλῶσσᾰ
    glôssă     		γλώσσᾱ
    glṓssā     		γλῶσσαι
    glôssai
    Notes:
    • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
    First declension of ἡ γλῶσσᾰ; τῆς γλώσσης (Koine)
    Case / # Singular Plural
    Nominative ἡ γλῶσσᾰ
    hē glôssă     		αἱ γλῶσσαι
    hai glôssai
    Genitive τῆς γλώσσης
    tês glṓssēs     		τῶν γλωσσῶν
    tôn glōssôn
    Dative τῇ γλώσσῃ
    tēî glṓssēi     		ταῖς γλώσσαις
    taîs glṓssais
    Accusative τὴν γλῶσσᾰν
    tḕn glôssăn     		τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς
    tā̀s glṓssās
    Vocative γλῶσσᾰ
    glôssă     		γλῶσσαι
    glôssai
    First declension of ᾱ̔ γλῶσσᾰ; τᾶς γλώσσᾱς (Laconian)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative ᾱ̔ γλῶσσᾰ
    hā glôssă     		τὼ γλώσσᾱ
    tṑ glṓssā     		ταὶ γλῶσσαι
    taì glôssai
    Genitive τᾶς γλώσσᾱς
    tâs glṓssās     		τοῖν γλώσσαιν
    toîn glṓssain     		τᾶν γλωσσᾶν
    tân glōssân
    Dative τᾷ γλώσσᾳ
    tāî glṓssāi     		τοῖν γλώσσαιν
    toîn glṓssain     		ταῖς γλώσσαις
    taîs glṓssais
    Accusative τᾱ̀ν γλῶσσᾰν
    tā̀n glôssăn     		τὼ γλώσσᾱ
    tṑ glṓssā     		τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς
    tā̀s glṓssās
    Vocative γλῶσσᾰ
    glôssă     		γλώσσᾱ
    glṓssā     		γλῶσσαι
    glôssai
    Notes:
    • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
    First declension of ἡ γλῶττᾰ; τῆς γλώττης (Attic)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative ἡ γλῶττᾰ
    hē glôttă     		τὼ γλώττᾱ
    tṑ glṓttā     		αἱ γλῶτται
    hai glôttai
    Genitive τῆς γλώττης
    tês glṓttēs     		τοῖν γλώτταιν
    toîn glṓttain     		τῶν γλωττῶν
    tôn glōttôn
    Dative τῇ γλώττῃ
    tēî glṓttēi     		τοῖν γλώτταιν
    toîn glṓttain     		ταῖς γλώτταις
    taîs glṓttais
    Accusative τὴν γλῶττᾰν
    tḕn glôttăn     		τὼ γλώττᾱ
    tṑ glṓttā     		τᾱ̀ς γλώττᾱς
    tā̀s glṓttās
    Vocative γλῶττᾰ
    glôttă     		γλώττᾱ
    glṓttā     		γλῶτται
    glôttai
    Notes:

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Greek: γλώσσα (glóssa)
    • Italiot Greek: glossa
    • Mariupol Greek: гло́са (hlósa)
    • Tsakonian: γρούσσα (groússa)

    Borrowings:

    • → English: glossa
    • → Latin: glossa (see there for further descendants)

    References

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    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γλῶσσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278
    2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*tulga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 525
    3. ^ Camarda, Demetrio (1864), Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi

    Further reading

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