πόνος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, to twist”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to exert oneself”), Proto-Germanic *spinnaną (“to spin”) and Lithuanian pìnti (“to twist”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pó.nos/ → /ˈpo.nos/ → /ˈpo.nos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pó.nos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.nos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.nos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.nos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.nos/

Noun

πόνος • (pónos) m (genitive πόνου); second declension

1. work, especially hard work; toil
2. bodily exertion, exercise
3. work, task, business
4. the consequence of toil, distress, trouble, suffering
5. anything produced by work, a work

Declension

Second declension of ὁ πόνος; τοῦ πόνου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πόνος ho pónos	τὼ πόνω tṑ pónō	οἱ πόνοι hoi pónoi
Genitive	τοῦ πόνου toû pónou	τοῖν πόνοιν toîn pónoin	τῶν πόνων tôn pónōn
Dative	τῷ πόνῳ tôi pónōi	τοῖν πόνοιν toîn pónoin	τοῖς πόνοις toîs pónois
Accusative	τὸν πόνον tòn pónon	τὼ πόνω tṑ pónō	τοὺς πόνους toùs pónous
Vocative	πόνε póne	πόνω pónō	πόνοι pónoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• πόνος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• πόνος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• πόνος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πόνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πόνος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• πόνος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G4192 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • affliction idem, page 17.
  • disorder idem, page 235.
  • distress idem, page 242.
  • drudgery idem, page 254.
  • effort idem, page 263.
  • exertion idem, page 291.
  • hardship idem, page 386.
  • infirmity idem, page 438.
  • labour idem, page 472.
  • onus idem, page 574.
  • product idem, page 645.
  • strain idem, page 822.
  • striving idem, page 827.
  • struggle idem, page 828.
  • suffering idem, page 835.
  • task idem, page 856.
  • toil idem, page 880.
  • trial idem, page 893.
  • trouble idem, page 897.
  • tug idem, page 900.
  • vigilance idem, page 951.
  • work idem, page 988.
  • wrench idem, page 992.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

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Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πόνος (pónos).

Noun

πόνος • (pónos) m (plural πόνοι)

1. (medicine) pain, ache

Declension

declension of πόνος

	singular	plural
nominative	πόνος •	πόνοι •
genitive	πόνου •	πόνων •
accusative	πόνο •	πόνους •
vocative	πόνε •	πόνοι •

Synonyms

• άλγος n (álgos)

Related terms

• πονάω (ponáo, “to ache”)
• πονοκέφαλος (ponokéfalos, “headache”)