τύμπανον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• τῠ́πᾰνον (túpanon) — Poetic
• τῠ́μπᾰνος (túmpanos)

Etymology

From τῠ́πτω (túptō, “to strike, beat, smite”) +‎ -ᾰνον (-anon).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tým.pa.non/ → /ˈtym.pa.non/ → /ˈtim.ba.non/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tým.pa.non/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtym.pa.non/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtym.pa.non/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtym.pa.non/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtim.ba.non/

Noun

τῠ́μπᾰνον • (túmpanon) n (genitive τῠμπᾰ́νου); second declension

1. (music) drum, kettledrum
   • 484 BCE – 425 BCE, Herodotus, 4.76 :

     ἐς ταύτην δὴ κᾰτᾰδῠ̀ς ὁ Ᾰ̓νᾰ́χᾰρσῐς τὴν ὁρτὴν ἐπετέλεε πᾶσᾰν τῇ θεῷ, τῠ́μπᾰνον τε ἔχων καὶ ἐκδησᾰ́μενος ᾰ̓γᾰ́λμᾰτᾰ.

     es taútēn dḕ katadùs ho Anákharsis tḕn hortḕn epetélee pâsan têi theôi, túmpanon te ékhōn kaì ekdēsámenos agálmata.

     Hidden there, Anacharsis celebrated the goddess' ritual with exactness, carrying a small drum and hanging images about himself.

2. instrument of torture
   1. drumstick, staff, cudgel
3. wheel in a machine, cylinder or drum of a piston
4. (architecture) sunken triangular space enclosed by the cornice of the pediment; square panel of a door

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ τῠ́μπᾰνον; τοῦ τῠμπᾰ́νου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ τῠ́μπᾰνον tò túmpanon	τὼ τῠμπᾰ́νω tṑ tumpánō	τᾰ̀ τῠ́μπᾰνᾰ tà túmpana
Genitive	τοῦ τῠμπᾰ́νου toû tumpánou	τοῖν τῠμπᾰ́νοιν toîn tumpánoin	τῶν τῠμπᾰ́νων tôn tumpánōn
Dative	τῷ τῠμπᾰ́νῳ tôi tumpánōi	τοῖν τῠμπᾰ́νοιν toîn tumpánoin	τοῖς τῠμπᾰ́νοις toîs tumpánois
Accusative	τὸ τῠ́μπᾰνον tò túmpanon	τὼ τῠμπᾰ́νω tṑ tumpánō	τᾰ̀ τῠ́μπᾰνᾰ tà túmpana
Vocative	τῠ́μπᾰνον túmpanon	τῠμπᾰ́νω tumpánō	τῠ́μπᾰνᾰ túmpana
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἐκτῠμπᾰ́νωσῐς (ektumpánōsis)
• ἡμῐτῠμπᾰ́νῐστος (hēmitumpánistos)
• περῐτῠμπᾰνῐ́ζομαι (peritumpanízomai)
• τῠμπᾰνεύς (tumpaneús)
• τῠμπᾰνόδουπος (tumpanódoupos)
• τῠμπᾰνοειδής (tumpanoeidḗs)
• τῠμπᾰνόεις (tumpanóeis)
• τῠμπᾰνόομαι (tumpanóomai)
• τῠμπᾰνοτερπής (tumpanoterpḗs)
• τῠμπᾰνοτρῐ́βης (tumpanotríbēs)
• τῠμπᾰνοφορέομαι (tumpanophoréomai)
• τῠμπᾰνώδης (tumpanṓdēs)
• τῠμπᾰνᾰ́ρῐος (tumpanários)
• τῠμπᾰνῐ́ζω (tumpanízō)
• τῠμπᾰνῐκός (tumpanikós)
• τῠμπᾰ́νῐον (tumpánion)
• τῠμπᾰνῑ́της (tumpanī́tēs)
• φῐλογᾰλλοβρᾰχειονοτῠ́μπᾰνος (philogallobrakheionotúmpanos)

 

Descendants

• Byzantine Greek: τύμπανον (túmpanon)
  • Greek: τύμπανο (týmpano)
  • → Old French: timbre
    • → English: timbre
    • French: timbre
      • → Amharic: ቴምብር (tembər)
• → Latin: tympanum
  • → English: tympanum

References

• “τύμπανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τύμπανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• τύμπανον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “timbre”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 255
• τύμπανον - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.