τύμπανον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• τῠ́πᾰνον (tŭ́pănon) — poetic
• τῠ́μπᾰνος (tŭ́mpănos)

Etymology

From τῠ́πτω (tŭ́ptō, “to strike, beat, smite”) +‎ -ᾰνον (-ănon).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tým.pa.non/ → /ˈtym.pa.non/ → /ˈtim.ba.non/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tým.pa.non/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtym.pa.non/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtym.pa.non/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtym.pa.non/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtim.ba.non/

Noun

τῠ́μπᾰνον • (tŭ́mpănon) n (genitive τῠμπᾰ́νου); second declension

1. (music) drum, kettledrum
   • 484 BCE – 425 BCE, Herodotus, 4.76:

     ἐς ταύτην δὴ κᾰτᾰδῠ̀ς ὁ Ᾰ̓νᾰ́χᾰρσῐς τὴν ὁρτὴν ἐπετέλεε πᾶσᾰν τῇ θεῷ, τῠ́μπᾰνον τε ἔχων καὶ ἐκδησᾰ́μενος ᾰ̓γᾰ́λμᾰτᾰ.

     es taútēn dḕ kătădŭ̀s ho Ănắkhărsĭs tḕn hortḕn epetélee pâsăn tēî theōî, tŭ́mpănon te ékhōn kaì ekdēsắmenos ăgắlmătă.

     Hidden there, Anacharsis celebrated the goddess' ritual with exactness, carrying a small drum and hanging images about himself.

2. instrument of torture
   1. drumstick, staff, cudgel
3. wheel in a machine, cylinder or drum of a piston
4. (architecture) sunken triangular space enclosed by the cornice of the pediment; square panel of a door

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ τῠ́μπᾰνον; τοῦ τῠμπᾰ́νου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ τῠ́μπᾰνον tò tŭ́mpănon	τὼ τῠμπᾰ́νω tṑ tŭmpắnō	τᾰ̀ τῠ́μπᾰνᾰ tằ tŭ́mpănă
Genitive	τοῦ τῠμπᾰ́νου toû tŭmpắnou	τοῖν τῠμπᾰ́νοιν toîn tŭmpắnoin	τῶν τῠμπᾰ́νων tôn tŭmpắnōn
Dative	τῷ τῠμπᾰ́νῳ tōî tŭmpắnōi	τοῖν τῠμπᾰ́νοιν toîn tŭmpắnoin	τοῖς τῠμπᾰ́νοις toîs tŭmpắnois
Accusative	τὸ τῠ́μπᾰνον tò tŭ́mpănon	τὼ τῠμπᾰ́νω tṑ tŭmpắnō	τᾰ̀ τῠ́μπᾰνᾰ tằ tŭ́mpănă
Vocative	τῠ́μπᾰνον tŭ́mpănon	τῠμπᾰ́νω tŭmpắnō	τῠ́μπᾰνᾰ tŭ́mpănă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἐκτῠμπᾰ́νωσῐς (ektŭmpắnōsĭs)
• ἡμῐτῠμπᾰ́νῐστος (hēmĭtŭmpắnĭstos)
• περῐτῠμπᾰνῐ́ζομαι (perĭtŭmpănĭ́zomai)
• τῠμπᾰνᾰ́ρῐος (tŭmpănắrĭos)
• τῠμπᾰνεύς (tŭmpăneús)
• τῠμπᾰνῐ́ζω (tŭmpănĭ́zō)
• τῠμπᾰνῐκός (tŭmpănĭkós)
• τῠμπᾰ́νῐον (tŭmpắnĭon)
• τῠμπᾰνῑ́της (tŭmpănī́tēs)
• τῠμπᾰνόδουπος (tŭmpănódoupos)
• τῠμπᾰνοειδής (tŭmpănoeidḗs)
• τῠμπᾰνόεις (tŭmpănóeis)
• τῠμπᾰνόομαι (tŭmpănóomai)
• τῠμπᾰνοτερπής (tŭmpănoterpḗs)
• τῠμπᾰνοτρῐ́βης (tŭmpănotrĭ́bēs)
• τῠμπᾰνοφορέομαι (tŭmpănophoréomai)
• τῠμπᾰνώδης (tŭmpănṓdēs)
• φῐλογᾰλλοβρᾰχειονοτῠ́μπᾰνος (phĭlogăllobrăkheionotŭ́mpănos)

Descendants

• Byzantine Greek: τύμπανον (túmpanon)
  • Greek: τύμπανο (týmpano)
  • → Old French: timbre
    • → French: timbre
      • → Amharic: ቴምብር (tembər)
      • → English: timbre
      • → Hausa: tambur
      • → Iranian Persian: تَمْبْر (tambr), تمر (tamr) (colloquial)
        • → Azerbaijani: təmr
      • → Khmer: តែម (taem)
      • → Luxembourgish: Timber
      • → Moroccan Arabic: تنبر (tanbar)
      • → Vietnamese: tem
• → Latin: tympanum
  • → English: tympanum

References

• “τύμπανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τύμπανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• τύμπανον in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “timbre”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 255
• τύμπανον, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011