φύω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• φυίω (phuíō) — Aeolic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰúyō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuHyéti, from *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, rise up”).

Cognate with Old Armenian բոյս (boys, “plant”), Sanskrit भव॑ति (bhávati), Avestan 𐬠𐬎 (bu), Latin fuī (“to have been”), Old English bēon (English be), Albanian bëj.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰý.ɔː/ → /ˈɸy.o/ → /ˈfi.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰý.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰy.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸy.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfy.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.o/

Verb

φῠ́ω • (phŭ́ō)

1. (transitive) to bring forth, produce, generate, cause to grow
2. (transitive) to beget, bear, give birth to
3. (intransitive) to grow, arise, spring up
4. (intransitive, present tense) to become [with adjective]
5. (intransitive, aorist and perfect)
6. (copulative) to be by nature [with adjective]
7. (intransitive) to be naturally disposed to, prone [with infinitive ‘to do’]
8. (impersonal) It is natural, happens naturally [with infinitive ‘that ...’]
9. to be one's natural lot [with dative ‘someone's’]

Conjugation

• Present active, future active, and 1st aorist active are transitive; others are intransitive.

   Present: φῠ́ω, φῠ́ομαι (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῠ́ω	φῠ́εις	φῠ́ει	φῠ́ετον	φῠ́ετον	φῠ́ομεν	φῠ́ετε	φῠ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	φῠ́ω	φῠ́ῃς	φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ωμεν	φῠ́ητε	φῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῠ́οιμῐ	φῠ́οις	φῠ́οι	φῠ́οιτον	φῠοίτην	φῠ́οιμεν	φῠ́οιτε	φῠ́οιεν
	imperative		φῠ́ε	φῠέτω	φῠ́ετον	φῠέτων		φῠ́ετε	φῠόντων
middle/passive	indicative	φῠ́ομαι	φῠ́ῃ, φῠ́ει	φῠ́εται	φῠ́εσθον	φῠ́εσθον	φῠόμεθᾰ	φῠ́εσθε	φῠ́ονται
	subjunctive	φῠ́ωμαι	φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ηται	φῠ́ησθον	φῠ́ησθον	φῠώμεθᾰ	φῠ́ησθε	φῠ́ωνται
	optative	φῠοίμην	φῠ́οιο	φῠ́οιτο	φῠ́οισθον	φῠοίσθην	φῠοίμεθᾰ	φῠ́οισθε	φῠ́οιντο
	imperative		φῠ́ου	φῠέσθω	φῠ́εσθον	φῠέσθων		φῠ́εσθε	φῠέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		φῠ́ειν				φῠ́εσθαι
participle	m	φῠ́ων				φῠόμενος
	f	φῠ́ουσᾰ				φῠομένη
	n	φῠ́ον				φῠόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: φῠ́ω, φῠ́ομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῠ́ω	φῠ́εις	φῠ́ει	φῠ́ετον	φῠ́ετον	φῠ́ομεν	φῠ́ετε	φῠ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	φῠ́ω(μῐ)	φῠ́ῃσ(θᾰ)	φῠ́ῃσῐ(ν), φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ωμεν	φῠ́ητε	φῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῠ́οιμῐ	φῠ́οισ(θᾰ)	φῠ́οι	φῠ́οιτον	φῠοίτην	φῠ́οιμεν	φῠ́οιτε	φῠ́οιεν
	imperative		φῠ́ε	φῠέτω	φῠ́ετον	φῠέτων		φῠ́ετε	φῠόντων
middle/passive	indicative	φῠ́ομαι	φῠ́εαι, φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́εται	φῠ́εσθον	φῠ́εσθον	φῠόμε(σ)θᾰ	φῠ́εσθε	φῠ́ονται
	subjunctive	φῠ́ωμαι	φῠ́ηαι, φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ηται	φῠ́ησθον	φῠ́ησθον	φῠώμε(σ)θᾰ	φῠ́ησθε	φῠ́ωνται
	optative	φῠοίμην	φῠ́οιο	φῠ́οιτο	φῠ́οισθον	φῠοίσθην	φῠοίμε(σ)θᾰ	φῠ́οισθε	φῠοίᾰτο
	imperative		φῠ́εο, φῠ́ευ	φῠέσθω	φῠ́εσθον	φῠέσθων		φῠ́εσθε	φῠέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		φῠ́ειν, φῠέμεν(αι), φῠ́μεν(αι)				φῠ́εσθαι
participle	m	φῠ́ων				φῠόμενος
	f	φῠ́ουσᾰ				φῠομένη
	n	φῠ́ον				φῠόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἔφῠον, ἐφῠόμην (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφῠον	ἔφῠες	ἔφῠε(ν)	ἐφῠ́ετον	ἐφῠέτην	ἐφῠ́ομεν	ἐφῠ́ετε	ἔφῠον
middle/passive	indicative	ἐφῠόμην	ἐφῠ́ου	ἐφῠ́ετο	ἐφῠ́εσθον	ἐφῠέσθην	ἐφῠόμεθᾰ	ἐφῠ́εσθε	ἐφῠ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: φῠ́ον, φῠόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῠ́ον	φῠ́ες	φῠ́ε(ν)	φῠ́ετον	φῠέτην	φῠ́ομεν	φῠ́ετε	φῠ́ον
middle/passive	indicative	φῠόμην	φῠ́εο, φῠ́ευ	φῠ́ετο	φῠ́εσθον	φῠέσθην	φῠόμε(σ)θᾰ	φῠ́εσθε	φῠ́οντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: φῡ́σω, φῡ́σομαι (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῡ́σω	φῡ́σεις	φῡ́σει	φῡ́σετον	φῡ́σετον	φῡ́σομεν	φῡ́σετε	φῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῡ́σοιμῐ	φῡ́σοις	φῡ́σοι	φῡ́σοιτον	φῡσοίτην	φῡ́σοιμεν	φῡ́σοιτε	φῡ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	φῡ́σομαι	φῡ́σῃ, φῡ́σει	φῡ́σεται	φῡ́σεσθον	φῡ́σεσθον	φῡσόμεθᾰ	φῡ́σεσθε	φῡ́σονται
	optative	φῡσοίμην	φῡ́σοιο	φῡ́σοιτο	φῡ́σοισθον	φῡσοίσθην	φῡσοίμεθᾰ	φῡ́σοισθε	φῡ́σοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		φῡ́σειν			φῡ́σεσθαι
participle	m	φῡ́σων			φῡσόμενος
	f	φῡ́σουσᾰ			φῡσομένη
	n	φῦσον			φῡσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: φῡ́σω, φῡ́σομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῡ́σω	φῡ́σεις	φῡ́σει	φῡ́σετον	φῡ́σετον	φῡ́σομεν	φῡ́σετε	φῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῡ́σοιμῐ	φῡ́σοισ(θᾰ)	φῡ́σοι	φῡ́σοιτον	φῡσοίτην	φῡ́σοιμεν	φῡ́σοιτε	φῡ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	φῡ́σομαι	φῡ́σεαι, φῡ́σῃ	φῡ́σεται	φῡ́σεσθον	φῡ́σεσθον	φῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ	φῡ́σεσθε	φῡ́σονται
	optative	φῡσοίμην	φῡ́σοιο	φῡ́σοιτο	φῡ́σοισθον	φῡσοίσθην	φῡσοίμε(σ)θᾰ	φῡ́σοισθε	φῡσοίᾰτο
		active			middle
infinitive		φῡ́σειν, φῡσέμεν(αι), φῡσμέναι			φῡ́σεσθαι
participle	m	φῡ́σων			φῡσόμενος
	f	φῡ́σουσᾰ			φῡσομένη
	n	φῦσον			φῡσόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: φῠήσω, φῠήσομαι (Koine)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῠήσω	φῠήσεις	φῠήσει			φῠήσομεν	φῠήσετε	φῠήσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῠήσοιμῐ	φῠήσοις	φῠήσοι			φῠήσοιμεν	φῠήσοιτε	φῠήσοιεν
middle	indicative	φῠήσομαι	φῠήσῃ, φῠήσει	φῠήσεται			φῠησόμεθᾰ	φῠήσεσθε	φῠήσονται
	optative	φῠησοίμην	φῠήσοιο	φῠήσοιτο			φῠησοίμεθᾰ	φῠήσοισθε	φῠήσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		φῠήσειν			φῠήσεσθαι
participle	m	φῠήσων			φῠησόμενος
	f	φῠήσουσᾰ			φῠησομένη
	n	φῠῆσον			φῠησόμενον

   Aorist: ἔφῡν (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφῡν	ἔφῡς	ἔφῡ	ἔφῡτον	ἐφῡ́την	ἔφῡμεν	ἔφῡτε	ἔφῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	φῠ́ω	φῠ́ῃς	φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ωμεν	φῠ́ωτε	φῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative
	imperative		φῦθῐ	φῡ́τω	φῦτον	φῡ́των		φῦτε	φῡ́ντων
middle	indicative
	subjunctive
	optative
	imperative
		active			middle
infinitive		φῦναι
participle	m	φῡ́ς
	f	φῦσᾰ
	n	φῠ́ν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔφῡσᾰ, ἐφῡσᾰ́μην (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφῡσᾰ	ἔφῡσᾰς	ἔφῡσε(ν)	ἐφῡ́σᾰτον	ἐφῡσᾰ́την	ἐφῡ́σᾰμεν	ἐφῡ́σᾰτε	ἔφῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	φῡ́σω	φῡ́σῃς	φῡ́σῃ	φῡ́σητον	φῡ́σητον	φῡ́σωμεν	φῡ́σητε	φῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῡ́σαιμῐ	φῡ́σειᾰς, φῡ́σαις	φῡ́σειε(ν), φῡ́σαι	φῡ́σαιτον	φῡσαίτην	φῡ́σαιμεν	φῡ́σαιτε	φῡ́σειᾰν, φῡ́σαιεν
	imperative		φῦσον	φῡσᾰ́τω	φῡ́σᾰτον	φῡσᾰ́των		φῡ́σᾰτε	φῡσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐφῡσᾰ́μην	ἐφῡ́σω	ἐφῡ́σᾰτο	ἐφῡ́σᾰσθον	ἐφῡσᾰ́σθην	ἐφῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐφῡ́σᾰσθε	ἐφῡ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	φῡ́σωμαι	φῡ́σῃ	φῡ́σηται	φῡ́σησθον	φῡ́σησθον	φῡσώμεθᾰ	φῡ́σησθε	φῡ́σωνται
	optative	φῡσαίμην	φῡ́σαιο	φῡ́σαιτο	φῡ́σαισθον	φῡσαίσθην	φῡσαίμεθᾰ	φῡ́σαισθε	φῡ́σαιντο
	imperative		φῦσαι	φῡσᾰ́σθω	φῡ́σᾰσθον	φῡσᾰ́σθων		φῡ́σᾰσθε	φῡσᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		φῦσαι			φῡ́σᾰσθαι
participle	m	φῡ́σᾱς			φῡσᾰ́μενος
	f	φῡ́σᾱσᾰ			φῡσᾰμένη
	n	φῦσᾰν			φῡσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: φῦν (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῦν, ἔφῡν	φῦς, ἔφῡς	φῦ, ἔφῡ	φῦτον, ἔφῡτον	φῡ́την, ἐφῡ́την	φῦμεν, ἔφῡμεν	φῦτε, ἔφῡτε	φῦσᾰν, ἔφῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	φῠ́ω(μῐ)	φῠ́ῃσ(θᾰ)	φῠ́ῃσῐ(ν), φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ωμεν	φῠ́ωτε	φῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative
	imperative		φῦθῐ	φῡ́τω	φῦτον	φῡ́των		φῦτε	φῡ́ντων
middle	indicative
	subjunctive
	optative
	imperative
		active			middle
infinitive		φῦναι
participle	m	φῡ́ς
	f	φῦσᾰ
	n	φῠ́ν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἐφῠ́ην (Koine)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
passive	indicative	ἐφῠ́ην	ἐφῠ́ης	ἐφῠ́η	ἐφῠ́ητον	ἐφῠήτην	ἐφῠ́ημεν	ἐφῠ́ητε	ἐφῠ́ησᾰν
	subjunctive	φῠῶ	φῠῇς	φῠῇ	φῠῆτον	φῠῆτον	φῠῶμεν	φῠῆτε	φῠῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῠείην	φῠείης	φῠείη	φῠεῖτον, φῠείητον	φῠείτην, φῠειήτην	φῠεῖμεν, φῠείημεν	φῠεῖτε, φῠείητε	φῠεῖεν, φῠείησᾰν
	imperative		φῠ́ηθῐ	φῠήτω	φῠ́ητον	φῠήτων		φῠ́ητε	φῠέντων
							passive
infinitive							φῠῆναι
participle	m						φῠείς
	f						φῠεῖσᾰ
	n						φῠέν

   Perfect: πέφῡκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πέφῡκᾰ	πέφῡκᾰς	πέφῡκε(ν)	πεφῡ́κᾰτον	πεφῡ́κᾰτον	πεφῡ́κᾰμεν	πεφῡ́κᾰτε	πεφῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	πεφῡ́κω	πεφῡ́κῃς	πεφῡ́κῃ	πεφῡ́κητον	πεφῡ́κητον	πεφῡ́κωμεν	πεφῡ́κητε	πεφῡ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πεφῡ́κοιμῐ, πεφῡκοίην	πεφῡ́κοις, πεφῡκοίης	πεφῡ́κοι, πεφῡκοίη	πεφῡ́κοιτον	πεφῡκοίτην	πεφῡ́κοιμεν	πεφῡ́κοιτε	πεφῡ́κοιεν
	imperative		πέφῡκε	πεφῡκέτω	πεφῡ́κετον	πεφῡκέτων		πεφῡ́κετε	πεφῡκόντων
		active
infinitive		πεφῡκέναι
participle	m	πεφῡκώς
	f	πεφῡκυῖᾰ
	n	πεφῡκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐπεφῡ́κειν (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπεφῡ́κειν, ἐπεφῡ́κη	ἐπεφῡ́κεις, ἐπεφῡ́κης	ἐπεφῡ́κει(ν)	ἐπεφῡ́κετον	ἐπεφῡκέτην	ἐπεφῡ́κεμεν	ἐπεφῡ́κετε	ἐπεφῡ́κεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: πεφῡ́κεεν (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πεφῡ́κεεν, πεφῡ́κειν, πεφῡ́κεᾰ	πεφῡ́κεες, πεφῡ́κεις, πεφῡ́κεᾰς, πεφῡ́κης	πεφῡ́κεε(ν), πεφῡ́κει(ν)	πεφῡ́κετον	πεφῡκέτην	πεφῡ́κεμεν	πεφῡ́κετε	πεφῡ́κεσᾰν, πέφῡκεν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἐμφύω (emphúō)
• φῦλον (phûlon)
• φῦμα (phûma)
• φύσις (phúsis)
• φῠτόν (phŭtón)
• φύτωρ (phútōr)

Related terms

• φῡλή (phūlḗ)

Further reading

• “φύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “φύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• φύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “φύω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5453 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press