пухам
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Bulgarian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *puxati.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
пу́хам • (púham) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective пу́хна) (obsolescent)
- (intransitive) to puff, to wheeze, to blow
- (intransitive) to swell, to bloat, to get inflated
Usage notes[edit]
Less frequently used than Etymology 2.
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of пу́хам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | пу́хащ púhašt |
пу́хал, пуха́л1 púhal, puhál1 |
пу́хал púhal |
— | пу́хайки púhajki | |
| definite subject form | пу́хащият púhaštijat |
пу́халият, пуха́лият1 púhalijat, puhálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | пу́хащия púhaštija |
пу́халия, пуха́лия1 púhalija, puhálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | пу́хаща púhašta |
пу́хала, пуха́ла1 púhala, puhála1 |
пу́хала púhala |
— | ||
| definite | пу́хащата púhaštata |
пу́халата, пуха́лата1 púhalata, puhálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | пу́хащо púhašto |
пу́хало, пуха́ло1 púhalo, puhálo1 |
пу́хало púhalo |
— | пу́хане púhane | |
| definite | пу́хащото púhaštoto |
пу́халото, пуха́лото1 púhaloto, puháloto1 |
— | — | пу́хането púhaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | пу́хащи púhašti |
пу́хали, пуха́ли1 púhali, puháli1 |
пу́хали púhali |
— | пу́хания, пу́ханета púhanija, púhaneta | |
| definite | пу́хащите púhaštite |
пу́халите, пуха́лите1 púhalite, puhálite1 |
— | — | пу́ханията, пу́ханетата púhanijata, púhanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | пу́хам púham |
пу́хаш púhaš |
пу́ха púha |
пу́хаме púhame |
пу́хате púhate |
пу́хат púhat | |
| imperfect | пу́хах púhah |
пу́хаше púhaše |
пу́хаше púhaše |
пу́хахме púhahme |
пу́хахте púhahte |
пу́хаха púhaha | |
| aorist | пу́хах, пуха́х1 púhah, puháh1 |
пу́ха, пуха́1 púha, puhá1 |
пу́ха, пуха́1 púha, puhá1 |
пу́хахме, пуха́хме1 púhahme, puháhme1 |
пу́хахте, пуха́хте1 púhahte, puháhte1 |
пу́хаха, пуха́ха1 púhaha, puháha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| пу́хай púhaj |
пу́хайте púhajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms[edit]
- подпу́хна pf (podpúhna), подпу́хвам impf (podpúhvam, “to bloat”)
- разпу́хна pf (razpúhna), разпу́хвам impf (razpúhvam)
- спу́хна pf (spúhna), спу́хвам impf (spúhvam, “to deflate”)
- пу́хвам (púhvam), пухтя́ (puhtjá), пу́xкам (púxkam) (semelfactive)
- пу́хав (púhav)
Related terms[edit]
- пи́хам (píham, “to gasp”)
- пу́ша (púša, “to smoke”)
- пъхтя́ (pǎhtjá, “to pant”)
- пух (puh, “down, fluff”)
References[edit]
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “пухам¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 14
Etymology 2[edit]
Of expressive origin; possibly from Etymology 1 via semantic shift (prompting a shift in transitivity, too) or from the onomatopoeia пу-у-у (pu-u-u).
Comparable with Bulgarian бу́хам (búham, “to batter”), пу́кам (púkam, “to crack, to burst”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
пу́хам • (púham) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective пу́хна)
- (transitive) to smack, to thwack with accompanying dull noise
- (transitive) to pat, to dust off (something dusty)
- (transitive) to burst, to blow up (something by striking it)
- (transitive, figurative) to startle, to stun, to blow away someone's mind
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of пу́хам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | пу́хащ púhašt |
пу́хал, пуха́л1 púhal, puhál1 |
пу́хал púhal |
пу́хан púhan |
пу́хайки púhajki | |
| definite subject form | пу́хащият púhaštijat |
пу́халият, пуха́лият1 púhalijat, puhálijat1 |
— | пу́ханият púhanijat | |||
| definite object form | пу́хащия púhaštija |
пу́халия, пуха́лия1 púhalija, puhálija1 |
— | пу́хания púhanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | пу́хаща púhašta |
пу́хала, пуха́ла1 púhala, puhála1 |
пу́хала púhala |
пу́хана púhana | ||
| definite | пу́хащата púhaštata |
пу́халата, пуха́лата1 púhalata, puhálata1 |
— | пу́ханата púhanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | пу́хащо púhašto |
пу́хало, пуха́ло1 púhalo, puhálo1 |
пу́хало púhalo |
пу́хано púhano |
пу́хане púhane | |
| definite | пу́хащото púhaštoto |
пу́халото, пуха́лото1 púhaloto, puháloto1 |
— | пу́ханото púhanoto |
пу́хането púhaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | пу́хащи púhašti |
пу́хали, пуха́ли1 púhali, puháli1 |
пу́хали púhali |
пу́хани púhani |
пу́хания, пу́ханета púhanija, púhaneta | |
| definite | пу́хащите púhaštite |
пу́халите, пуха́лите1 púhalite, puhálite1 |
— | пу́ханите púhanite |
пу́ханията, пу́ханетата púhanijata, púhanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | пу́хам púham |
пу́хаш púhaš |
пу́ха púha |
пу́хаме púhame |
пу́хате púhate |
пу́хат púhat | |
| imperfect | пу́хах púhah |
пу́хаше púhaše |
пу́хаше púhaše |
пу́хахме púhahme |
пу́хахте púhahte |
пу́хаха púhaha | |
| aorist | пу́хах, пуха́х1 púhah, puháh1 |
пу́ха, пуха́1 púha, puhá1 |
пу́ха, пуха́1 púha, puhá1 |
пу́хахме, пуха́хме1 púhahme, puháhme1 |
пу́хахте, пуха́хте1 púhahte, puháhte1 |
пу́хаха, пуха́ха1 púhaha, puháha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| пу́хай púhaj |
пу́хайте púhajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- изпу́хам pf (izpúham), изпу́хвам impf (izpúhvam)
- напу́хам pf (napúham), напу́хвам impf (napúhvam)
- опу́хам pf (opúham), опу́хвам impf (opúhvam)
- разпу́хам pf (razpúham), разпу́хвам impf (razpúhvam)
- спу́хам pf (spúham), спу́хвам impf (spúhvam, “to wear off”) (dialectal)
References[edit]
- “пухам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “пухам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “пухам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 14