улемс
Moksha
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Verb
улемс • (uľems)
- (intransitive) to be
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- Ванды тяка пингть улян тяса
- Vandi ťaka pingť uľan ťasa
- Tomorrow, same time I will be here
- Ульхтяма (уледа) содавикс
- Uľhťama (uľeda) sodaviks
- Let us introduce ourselves ([you pl.] please introduce yourselves) to each other [улемс содавикс = to be familiar]
- Уледе тинь «Мокша» или «Сура» ваймама кудса?
- Uľeďe ťiń «Mokša» iľi «Sura» vajmama kudsa?
- Were you in the guesthouse Mokša or Sura?
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- (intransitive, with the possessed in possessive and the possessor in genitive) to have
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
Usage notes
The usage of this verb closely follows Russian in many cases. In Russian the usage of the verb "to be" in present is extremely limited, thus Moksha:
- Тя мазы! ― Ťa mazi! ― This is beautiful! (lit. "this beautiful!")
- Тя аф мазы ― Ťa af mazi ― This is not beautiful (lit. "this not beautiful")
The future of the verb "to be" is regularly used in Russian, since Moksha present doubles as future, present conjugation can often be taken to mean future.
This verb is usually not used in negative, instead the negative particles аф (af) and аш (aš) and their conjugated forms are used.
Outside of Russian influence Moksha conjugates nominals to express being some entity or some quality, e.g., васенцесян, васенцесят (vaśenćeśan , vaśenćeśat, “I'm the first, you're the first”).
Conjugation
Present / future | ||
---|---|---|
1st singular — мон (mon) | улян (uľan) | |
2nd singular — тон (ton) | улят (uľat) | |
3rd singular — сон (son) | ули (uľi) | |
1st plural — минь (miń) | ульхтяма (uľhťama) | |
2nd plural — тинь (ťiń) | ульхтяда (uľhťada) | |
3rd plural — синь (śiń) | улихть (uľihť) | |
Past I | ||
1st singular — мон (mon) | улень (uľeń) | |
2nd singular — тон (ton) | улеть (uľeť) | |
3rd singular — сон (son) | ульсь (uľś) | |
1st plural — минь (miń) | улеме (uľeme) | |
2nd plural — тинь (ťiń) | уледе (uľeďe) | |
3rd plural — синь (śiń) | ульсть (uľsť) | |
Compound future | ||
1st singular — мон (mon) | карман улема (karman uľema) | |
2nd singular — тон (ton) | кармат улема (karmat uľema) | |
3rd singular — сон (son) | кармай улема (karmaj uľema) | |
1st plural — минь (miń) | карматама улема (karmatama uľema) | |
2nd plural — тинь (ťiń) | карматада улема (karmatada uľema) | |
3rd plural — синь (śiń) | кармайхть улема (karmajhť uľema) | |
Imperative | ||
2nd singular — тон (ton) | ульхть (uľhť) | |
2nd plural — тинь (ťiń) | уледа (uľeda) | |
Non-finite forms | ||
verbal noun | улема (uľema) | |
past passive participle | — | |
agentive / pres. act. part. | ули (uľi) | |
present passive participle | — |
Objective conjugation is possible for transitive verbs, see, for example, кундамс (kundams).
Coordinate terms
- ащемс (aščems)