хто

Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos-tod, (compare *kʷis). Cognates include Ukrainian хто (xto), Russian кто (kto) and Polish kto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xto]

• Audio

  (file)

Conjunction

хто • (xto)

1. who

Pronoun

хто • (xto)

1. who (relative pronoun)
2. who (interrogative pronoun)

Declension

Declension of хто (sg-only)

	singular
nominative	хто xto
genitive	каго́ kahó
dative	каму́ kamú
accusative	каго́ kahó
instrumental	кім kim
locative	кім kim

Derived terms

• не́хта (njéxta)
• ніхто́ (nixtó)
• хтось (xtosʹ)
• хто́сьці (xtósʹci)

See also

• што (što)

Russian

Etymology

Compare Ukrainian хто (xto).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xto]

Conjunction

хто • (xto)

1. (proscribed, low colloquial, nonstandard, Ukraine, Belarus, Southern Russia) who, non-standard form of кто (kto)

Pronoun

хто • (xto)

1. (proscribed, low colloquial, nonstandard, Ukraine, Belarus, Southern Russia) who, non-standard form of кто (kto)

   Ну хто тебе́ тако́е сказа́л?!

   Nu xto tebé takóje skazál?!

   Who on earth told you this?!

Usage notes

• The term is typical for Surzhyk or Balachka regionalisms.
• Seldom used in writing, only to convey the actual pronunciation of people, e.g. the accent of Don or Kuban Cossacks.

Rusyn

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos-tod, (compare *kʷis).

Pronoun

хто • (xto)

1. who (relative pronoun)

   Хто мат інтерес зачати ся учіти русиньскый списовный язык?

   Xto mat interes začaty sja učity rusynʹskŷj spysovnŷj jazŷk?

   Who is interested in studying the official Rusyn language?

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos-tod, (compare *kʷis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xtɔ]

• Audio

  (file)

Conjunction

хто • (xto)

1. who

Pronoun

хто • (xto)

1. who (relative pronoun)
2. who (interrogative pronoun)

Declension

Declension of хто (sg-only)

	singular
nominative	хто xto
genitive	кого́ kohó
dative	кому́ komú
accusative	кого́ kohó
instrumental	ким kym
locative	ко́му, кім kómu, kim
vocative	—

Derived terms

• хтось (xtosʹ)
• ніхто́ (nixtó)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “хто”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka