جسر

See also: حشر, خسر, and خشر

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

From Aramaic גִּישְׁרָא / גִּשְׁרָא (gišrā) / ܓܫܪܐ (gešrā), with Hebrew גֶּשֶׁר (géšer) from Akkadian 𒄀𒅖𒊒 (gišru, “bridge”). Note the meaning “timber, beam” in Syriac – originally the Arabic word meant a wooden bridge in distinction from a stone bridge قَنْطَرَة (qanṭara). The word has a derivation in Akkadian from 𒄑𒃡 (GIŠ.ÙR), 𒄑𒃡𒋗 (GIŠ.ŠU.ÙR /⁠gušūru, gašūru⁠/, “tree-trunk; felled log, timber; beams”), itself considered a Sumerian loanword.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒisr/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

جِسْر • (jisr) m (plural أَجْسُر (ʔajsur) or جُسُور (jusūr))

2. bridge

Declension

Declension of noun جِسْر (jisr)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جِسْر jisr	الْجِسْر al-jisr	جِسْر jisr
nominative	جِسْرٌ jisrun	الْجِسْرُ al-jisru	جِسْرُ jisru
accusative	جِسْرًا jisran	الْجِسْرَ al-jisra	جِسْرَ jisra
genitive	جِسْرٍ jisrin	الْجِسْرِ al-jisri	جِسْرِ jisri
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جِسْرَيْن jisrayn	الْجِسْرَيْن al-jisrayn	جِسْرَيْ jisray
nominative	جِسْرَانِ jisrāni	الْجِسْرَانِ al-jisrāni	جِسْرَا jisrā
accusative	جِسْرَيْنِ jisrayni	الْجِسْرَيْنِ al-jisrayni	جِسْرَيْ jisray
genitive	جِسْرَيْنِ jisrayni	الْجِسْرَيْنِ al-jisrayni	جِسْرَيْ jisray
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَجْسُر‎; جُسُور ʔajsur‎; jusūr	الْأَجْسُر‎; الْجُسُور al-ʔajsur‎; al-jusūr	أَجْسُر‎; جُسُور ʔajsur‎; jusūr
nominative	أَجْسُرٌ‎; جُسُورٌ ʔajsurun‎; jusūrun	الْأَجْسُرُ‎; الْجُسُورُ al-ʔajsuru‎; al-jusūru	أَجْسُرُ‎; جُسُورُ ʔajsuru‎; jusūru
accusative	أَجْسُرًا‎; جُسُورًا ʔajsuran‎; jusūran	الْأَجْسُرَ‎; الْجُسُورَ al-ʔajsura‎; al-jusūra	أَجْسُرَ‎; جُسُورَ ʔajsura‎; jusūra
genitive	أَجْسُرٍ‎; جُسُورٍ ʔajsurin‎; jusūrin	الْأَجْسُرِ‎; الْجُسُورِ al-ʔajsuri‎; al-jusūri	أَجْسُرِ‎; جُسُورِ ʔajsuri‎; jusūri

Etymology 1.2

Denominal verb from جِسْر (jisr, “bridge”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.sa.ra/

Verb

جَسَرَ • (jasara) I (non-past يَجْسُرُ (yajsuru), verbal noun جَسْر (jasr)) (transitive)

1. to arch, to vault (a bridge)
2. to span, to traverse, to cross (as if by a bridge)

Conjugation

Conjugation of جَسَرَ (I, sound, a ~ u, impersonal passive, verbal noun جَسْر)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جَسْر jasr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَاسِر jāsir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَجْسُور majsūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَسَرْتُ jasartu	جَسَرْتَ jasarta	جَسَرَ jasara		جَسَرْتُمَا jasartumā	جَسَرَا jasarā		جَسَرْنَا jasarnā	جَسَرْتُمْ jasartum	جَسَرُوا jasarū
	f		جَسَرْتِ jasarti	جَسَرَتْ jasarat			جَسَرَتَا jasaratā			جَسَرْتُنَّ jasartunna	جَسَرْنَ jasarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجْسُرُ ʔajsuru	تَجْسُرُ tajsuru	يَجْسُرُ yajsuru		تَجْسُرَانِ tajsurāni	يَجْسُرَانِ yajsurāni		نَجْسُرُ najsuru	تَجْسُرُونَ tajsurūna	يَجْسُرُونَ yajsurūna
	f		تَجْسُرِينَ tajsurīna	تَجْسُرُ tajsuru			تَجْسُرَانِ tajsurāni			تَجْسُرْنَ tajsurna	يَجْسُرْنَ yajsurna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجْسُرَ ʔajsura	تَجْسُرَ tajsura	يَجْسُرَ yajsura		تَجْسُرَا tajsurā	يَجْسُرَا yajsurā		نَجْسُرَ najsura	تَجْسُرُوا tajsurū	يَجْسُرُوا yajsurū
	f		تَجْسُرِي tajsurī	تَجْسُرَ tajsura			تَجْسُرَا tajsurā			تَجْسُرْنَ tajsurna	يَجْسُرْنَ yajsurna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجْسُرْ ʔajsur	تَجْسُرْ tajsur	يَجْسُرْ yajsur		تَجْسُرَا tajsurā	يَجْسُرَا yajsurā		نَجْسُرْ najsur	تَجْسُرُوا tajsurū	يَجْسُرُوا yajsurū
	f		تَجْسُرِي tajsurī	تَجْسُرْ tajsur			تَجْسُرَا tajsurā			تَجْسُرْنَ tajsurna	يَجْسُرْنَ yajsurna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُجْسُرْ ujsur			اُجْسُرَا ujsurā				اُجْسُرُوا ujsurū
	f		اُجْسُرِي ujsurī							اُجْسُرْنَ ujsurna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	جُسِرَ jusira		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُجْسَرُ yujsaru		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُجْسَرَ yujsara		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُجْسَرْ yujsar		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒasr/

Noun

جَسْر • (jasr) m

1. verbal noun of جَسَرَ (jasara) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun جَسْر (jasr)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَسْر jasr	الْجَسْر al-jasr	جَسْر jasr
nominative	جَسْرٌ jasrun	الْجَسْرُ al-jasru	جَسْرُ jasru
accusative	جَسْرًا jasran	الْجَسْرَ al-jasra	جَسْرَ jasra
genitive	جَسْرٍ jasrin	الْجَسْرِ al-jasri	جَسْرِ jasri

Etymology 2

Root
ج س ر (j s r)
3 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.sa.ra/

Verb

جَسَرَ • (jasara) I (non-past يَجْسُرُ (yajsuru), verbal noun جَسَارَة (jasāra) or جُسُور (jusūr))

1. to dare, to risk, to venture [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘something’ or أَنْ (ʔan, + subjunctive clause) ‘to do something’]

   لَا يَجْسُرُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا.

   lā yajsuru ʔan yafʕala kaḏā.

   He dares not do such a thing.

2. to act boldly or courageously [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘against someone, e.g. an enemy’]

Conjugation

Conjugation of جَسَرَ (I, sound, a ~ u, impersonal passive, verbal nouns جَسَارَة, جُسُور)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جَسَارَة, جُسُور jasāra, jusūr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَاسِر jāsir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَجْسُور majsūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَسَرْتُ jasartu	جَسَرْتَ jasarta	جَسَرَ jasara		جَسَرْتُمَا jasartumā	جَسَرَا jasarā		جَسَرْنَا jasarnā	جَسَرْتُمْ jasartum	جَسَرُوا jasarū
	f		جَسَرْتِ jasarti	جَسَرَتْ jasarat			جَسَرَتَا jasaratā			جَسَرْتُنَّ jasartunna	جَسَرْنَ jasarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجْسُرُ ʔajsuru	تَجْسُرُ tajsuru	يَجْسُرُ yajsuru		تَجْسُرَانِ tajsurāni	يَجْسُرَانِ yajsurāni		نَجْسُرُ najsuru	تَجْسُرُونَ tajsurūna	يَجْسُرُونَ yajsurūna
	f		تَجْسُرِينَ tajsurīna	تَجْسُرُ tajsuru			تَجْسُرَانِ tajsurāni			تَجْسُرْنَ tajsurna	يَجْسُرْنَ yajsurna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجْسُرَ ʔajsura	تَجْسُرَ tajsura	يَجْسُرَ yajsura		تَجْسُرَا tajsurā	يَجْسُرَا yajsurā		نَجْسُرَ najsura	تَجْسُرُوا tajsurū	يَجْسُرُوا yajsurū
	f		تَجْسُرِي tajsurī	تَجْسُرَ tajsura			تَجْسُرَا tajsurā			تَجْسُرْنَ tajsurna	يَجْسُرْنَ yajsurna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجْسُرْ ʔajsur	تَجْسُرْ tajsur	يَجْسُرْ yajsur		تَجْسُرَا tajsurā	يَجْسُرَا yajsurā		نَجْسُرْ najsur	تَجْسُرُوا tajsurū	يَجْسُرُوا yajsurū
	f		تَجْسُرِي tajsurī	تَجْسُرْ tajsur			تَجْسُرَا tajsurā			تَجْسُرْنَ tajsurna	يَجْسُرْنَ yajsurna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُجْسُرْ ujsur			اُجْسُرَا ujsurā				اُجْسُرُوا ujsurū
	f		اُجْسُرِي ujsurī							اُجْسُرْنَ ujsurna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	جُسِرَ jusira		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُجْسَرُ yujsaru		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُجْسَرَ yujsara		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُجْسَرْ yujsar		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian جَسَر (jasar), from Bengali যশোর (jośōr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.sar/

Noun

جَسَر • (jasar) f

1. Jessore (a city in Bangladesh)

Declension

Declension of noun جَسَر (jasar)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَسَر jasar	الْجَسَر al-jasar	جَسَر jasar
nominative	جَسَرٌ jasarun	الْجَسَرُ al-jasaru	جَسَرُ jasaru
accusative	جَسَرًا jasaran	الْجَسَرَ al-jasara	جَسَرَ jasara
genitive	جَسَرٍ jasarin	الْجَسَرِ al-jasari	جَسَرِ jasari

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886), Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 285
• Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974), The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)‎^[1], Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 52
• Meissner, Bruno (1894), “Lexicographische Studien”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎^[2] (in German), volume 9, pages 268–270
• Müller, David Heinrich (1887), “Arabisch-aramäische Glossen”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[3] (in German), volume 1, pages 31–32
• Zimmern, Heinrich (1915), Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 31

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic جِسْر (jisr)denom.

Arabic جِسْر (jisr)

Hijazi Arabic جسر

Inherited from Arabic جِسْر (jisr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.sir/, [d͡ʒɪ.sɪr], [ʒɪ.sɪɾ]

Noun

جسر • (jisir) m (construct state جِسْر (jisr), plural جسور (jusūr))

1. bridge

See also

• كبري (kubri, “overpass”)

North Levantine Arabic

Root
ج س ر
1 term

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic جِسْر (jisr)denom.

Arabic جِسْر (jisr)

North Levantine Arabic جسر

Inherited from Arabic جِسْر (jisr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʒɪ.s(ɪ)r/

Noun

جسر • (jisr) m (plural جسورة (jsūra))

1. bridge

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ج س ر
1 term

جسر الملك حسّين بقطع نهر الأردن ― King Hussein Bridge (Allenby Bridge) crosses the Jordan River

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic جِسْر (jisr)denom.

Arabic جِسْر (jisr)

South Levantine Arabic جسر

Inherited from Arabic جِسْر (jisr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒisr/, [ˈʒɪ.s(ɪ)r], [ˈd͡ʒɪ.s(ɪ)r]

• Audio (Amman):

  (file)

Noun

جسر • (jisr) m (plural جسورة (jsūra))

1. bridge