ملك

See also: ملک

Arabic

FWOTD – 20 August 2025

Etymology 1.1

Borrowed from Ge'ez መልአክ (mälʾäk, “messenger; angel”), the plural of which is መላእክት (mälaʾəkt), itself a calque of Aramaic מַלְאֲכָא / ܡܠܐܟܐ (malʾăḵā, “angel, messenger”) and Hebrew מַלְאָךְ (malʾā́ḵ, “angel, messenger”), closer in Tigrinya መልኣኽ (mälʾax), Amharic መልኣክ (mälʾak), መላክ (mälak) of which the plural is መላእክት (mälaʾəkt). Compare the root ل ء ك (l ʔ k) and لَأَكَ (laʔaka), أَلْأَكَ (ʔalʔaka, “to send as a messenger”), which was regularly used as the normal word for “to send” in Ge'ez ለአከ (läʾäkä) as well as in Ugaritic 𐎍𐎛𐎋 (lỉk), 𐎍𐎀𐎋 (lảk) for which the normal Arabic word is أَرْسَلَ (ʔarsala) upon which one has formed رَسُول (rasūl, “messenger; apostle; angel”), with the same pattern native Ge'ez ልኡክ (ləʾuk, “messenger; apostle; cantor”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.lak/

Noun

مَلَك • (malak) m (plural مَلَائِكَة (malāʔika) or مَلَائِك (malāʔik))

1. angel
   • a. 538, أبو جندب الهُذَليّ المشؤوم, ديوان الهذليين:

     مَنْ مُبْلِغٌ مَلَائِكِي حُبْشِيًّا أَخَا
     بَنِي زُلَيْفَةَ الصُّبْحِيَّا؟

     man mubliḡun malāʔikī ḥubšiyyan ʔaḵā
     banī zulayfata ṣ-ṣubḥiyyā?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:31:

     فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتْ بِمَكْرِهِنَّ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِنَّ وَأَعْتَدَتْ لَهُنَّ مُتَّكَأً وَآتَتْ كُلَّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِّنْهُنَّ سِكِّينًا وَقَالَتِ ٱخْرُجْ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْنَهُ أَكْبَرْنَهُ وَقَطَّعْنَ أَيْدِيَهُنَّ وَقُلْنَ حَاشَ لِلّٰهِ مَا هَٰذَا بَشَرًا إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا مَلَكٌ كَرِيمٌ

     fa-lammā samiʕat bi-makrihinna ʔarsalat ʔilayhinna wa-ʔaʕtadat lahunna muttakaʔan wa-ʔātat kulla wāḥidatin minhunna sikkīnan wa-qālati ḵruj ʕalayhinna fa-lammā raʔaynahu ʔakbarnahu wa-qaṭṭaʕna ʔaydiyahunna wa-qulna ḥāša li-llāhi mā hāḏā bašaran ʔin hāḏā ʔillā malakun karīmun

     When she heard about their gossip, she invited them and set a banquet for them. She gave each one a knife, then said [to Joseph], “Come out before them.” When they saw him, they were so stunned [by his beauty] that they cut their hands, and exclaimed, “Good God! This cannot be human; this must be a noble angel!”

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:95:

     قُل لَّوْ كَانَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَلَائِكَةٌ يَمْشُونَ مُطْمَئِنِّينَ لَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِم مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ مَلَكًا رَّسُولًا

     qul law kāna fī l-ʔarḍi malāʔikatun yamšūna muṭmaʔinnīna la-nazzalnā ʕalayhim mina s-samāʔi malakan rasūlan

     Say, “Had there been angels walking the earth, well settled, We would have surely sent down for them an angel from heaven as a messenger.”

Declension

Declension of noun مَلَك (malak)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلَك malak	الْمَلَك al-malak	مَلَك malak
nominative	مَلَكٌ malakun	الْمَلَكُ al-malaku	مَلَكُ malaku
accusative	مَلَكًا malakan	الْمَلَكَ al-malaka	مَلَكَ malaka
genitive	مَلَكٍ malakin	الْمَلَكِ al-malaki	مَلَكِ malaki
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلَكَيْن malakayn	الْمَلَكَيْن al-malakayn	مَلَكَيْ malakay
nominative	مَلَكَانِ malakāni	الْمَلَكَانِ al-malakāni	مَلَكَا malakā
accusative	مَلَكَيْنِ malakayni	الْمَلَكَيْنِ al-malakayni	مَلَكَيْ malakay
genitive	مَلَكَيْنِ malakayni	الْمَلَكَيْنِ al-malakayni	مَلَكَيْ malakay
plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلَائِكَة‎; مَلَائِك malāʔika‎; malāʔik	الْمَلَائِكَة‎; الْمَلَائِك al-malāʔika‎; al-malāʔik	مَلَائِكَة‎; مَلَائِك malāʔikat‎; malāʔik
nominative	مَلَائِكَةٌ‎; مَلَائِكُ malāʔikatun‎; malāʔiku	الْمَلَائِكَةُ‎; الْمَلَائِكُ al-malāʔikatu‎; al-malāʔiku	مَلَائِكَةُ‎; مَلَائِكُ malāʔikatu‎; malāʔiku
accusative	مَلَائِكَةً‎; مَلَائِكَ malāʔikatan‎; malāʔika	الْمَلَائِكَةَ‎; الْمَلَائِكَ al-malāʔikata‎; al-malāʔika	مَلَائِكَةَ‎; مَلَائِكَ malāʔikata‎; malāʔika
genitive	مَلَائِكَةٍ‎; مَلَائِكَ malāʔikatin‎; malāʔika	الْمَلَائِكَةِ‎; الْمَلَائِكِ al-malāʔikati‎; al-malāʔiki	مَلَائِكَةِ‎; مَلَائِكِ malāʔikati‎; malāʔiki

Descendants

• → Abaza: мальаикь (malᶻaikʲ)
• → Abkhaz: амаалықь (amaaləkʲ)
• → Adyghe: мэлэӏич (mɛlɛʼič)
• → Armenian: մալաք (malakʻ)
• → Avar: малаик (malaik)
• → Azerbaijani: mələk
• → Chechen: малик (malik)
• → Classical Persian: مَلَک (malak)
• → Dargwa: малайк (malajk)
• → Gagauz: melek
• → Farefare: malɛka
• → Persian: ملک (malak)
• → Fula: maleyka
• → Hausa: mala'ika
• → Ingush: малайк (malajk)
• → Javanese: ꦩꦭꦲꦺꦏꦠ꧀ (malaékat)
• → Kabardian: мэлэӏыч (mɛlɛʼəč)
• → Khwarezmian: ملك (mlk)
• → Kumyk: малайик (malayik)
• → Northern Kurdish: melek, milyaket
• → Lezgi: малаик (malaik)
• → Malay: malak, malaikat
  • Indonesian: malaikat
• → Maranao: mala'ikat
• → Moore: malɛka
• → Ngiti: màlàyikà
• → Ottoman Turkish: ملك (melek)
  • Turkish: melek
  • → Albanian: meleq
  • → Laz: მელაეღი (melaeği), მელეღი (meleği), მელაჲეღი (melayeği)
  • → Romanian: melec
  • → Serbo-Croatian: mèlek / мѐлек
• → Somali: malag, malaaiga
• → Swahili: malaika
  • Tooro: malaika
• → Tabasaran: малайик (malajik)
• → Tat: малах
• → Tausug: malāikat
• → Turkmen: melek
• → Yoruba: màlékà

References

• Geiger, Abraham (1833, 1902), Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? (in German), 2nd edition, Leipzig: M. W. Kaufmann, page 59
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938), The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 269–270
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910), Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 34

Etymology 2.1

From Proto-Semitic *malk-. The insertion of the vowel i is irregular, leading, though it could be a prop vowel as in إِبِل (ʔibil), to the suggestion that it is instead borrowed from an archaic Aramaic predecessor to Aramaic מַלְכָּא (malkā, “king”), along with the clear borrowing مَلَكُوت (malakūt).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.lik/

Noun

مَلِك • (malik) m (plural مُلُوك (mulūk) or أَمْلَاك (ʔamlāk), feminine مَلِكَة (malika))

1. king, sovereign, monarch
   • 2023 August 24, فؤاد بنبشينة, “ثورة الملك والشعب..”, in هسبريس‎^[2], archived from the original on 24 November 2023:

     […] أَيْضًا هِيَ ذَاكِرَةٌ مُؤَرْشَفَةٌ لُغَةً وَصُورَةً، فَذِكْرَى حَدَثِ ثَوْرَةِ ٱلْمَلِكِ وَٱلشَّعْبِ يُحَقِّقُ دِينَامِيَّةً وِفْقَ ذَاكِرَةٍ فَرْدِيَّةٍ وَذَاكِرَةٍ جَمَاعِيَّةٍ مِنْ مَنْظُورِ ٱلذَّاكِرَةِ ٱلتَّوْلِيدِيَّةِ بِصِفَتِهَا ذَاكِرَةً تَارِيخِيَّةً وَأَرْشِيفِيَّةً […]

     […] ʔayḍan hiya ḏākiratun muʔaršafatun luḡatan waṣūratan, faḏikrā ḥadaṯi ṯawrati l-maliki waš-šaʕbi yuḥaqqiqu dīnāmiyyatan wifqa ḏākiratin fardiyyatin waḏākiratin jamāʕiyyatin min manẓūri ḏ-ḏākirati t-tawlīdiyyati biṣifatihā ḏākiratan tārīḵiyyatan waʔaršīfiyyatan […]

     […] It is also a memory archived in language and image. The commemoration of the Revolution of the King and the People generates a dynamic between individual memory and collective memory, from the perspective of generative memory as a historical and archival memory; […]

2. (video games) a boss

Declension

Declension of noun مَلِك (malik)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلِك malik	الْمَلِك al-malik	مَلِك malik
nominative	مَلِكٌ malikun	الْمَلِكُ al-maliku	مَلِكُ maliku
accusative	مَلِكًا malikan	الْمَلِكَ al-malika	مَلِكَ malika
genitive	مَلِكٍ malikin	الْمَلِكِ al-maliki	مَلِكِ maliki
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلِكَيْن malikayn	الْمَلِكَيْن al-malikayn	مَلِكَيْ malikay
nominative	مَلِكَانِ malikāni	الْمَلِكَانِ al-malikāni	مَلِكَا malikā
accusative	مَلِكَيْنِ malikayni	الْمَلِكَيْنِ al-malikayni	مَلِكَيْ malikay
genitive	مَلِكَيْنِ malikayni	الْمَلِكَيْنِ al-malikayni	مَلِكَيْ malikay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مُلُوك‎; أَمْلَاك mulūk‎; ʔamlāk	الْمُلُوك‎; الْأَمْلَاك al-mulūk‎; al-ʔamlāk	مُلُوك‎; أَمْلَاك mulūk‎; ʔamlāk
nominative	مُلُوكٌ‎; أَمْلَاكٌ mulūkun‎; ʔamlākun	الْمُلُوكُ‎; الْأَمْلَاكُ al-mulūku‎; al-ʔamlāku	مُلُوكُ‎; أَمْلَاكُ mulūku‎; ʔamlāku
accusative	مُلُوكًا‎; أَمْلَاكًا mulūkan‎; ʔamlākan	الْمُلُوكَ‎; الْأَمْلَاكَ al-mulūka‎; al-ʔamlāka	مُلُوكَ‎; أَمْلَاكَ mulūka‎; ʔamlāka
genitive	مُلُوكٍ‎; أَمْلَاكٍ mulūkin‎; ʔamlākin	الْمُلُوكِ‎; الْأَمْلَاكِ al-mulūki‎; al-ʔamlāki	مُلُوكِ‎; أَمْلَاكِ mulūki‎; ʔamlāki

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: مَلِك (malik)
• Maltese: malek
• → Armenian: մելիք (melikʻ)
  • → English: melik
• → Classical Persian: مَلِک (malik)
  • Iranian Persian: ملک (malek)
  • Tajik: малик (malik)
• → Malay: malik
  • Indonesian: malik
• → Maranao: malik
• → Ottoman Turkish: ملك (melik)
  • Turkish: melik
  • → Serbo-Croatian: mèlik / мѐлик
• → Pashto: ملک (malik)
• → Sanskrit: मलिक (malika)

Etymology 2.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mulk/

Noun

مُلْك • (mulk) m

1. verbal noun of مَلَكَ (malaka) (form I)
2. rule, reign, supreme authority, dominion, dominance, sway, power
3. sovereignty, kingship, royalty
4. monarchy

Declension

Declension of noun مُلْك (mulk)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مُلْك mulk	الْمُلْك al-mulk	مُلْك mulk
nominative	مُلْكٌ mulkun	الْمُلْكُ al-mulku	مُلْكُ mulku
accusative	مُلْكًا mulkan	الْمُلْكَ al-mulka	مُلْكَ mulka
genitive	مُلْكٍ mulkin	الْمُلْكِ al-mulki	مُلْكِ mulki

Descendants

• → Avar: милк (milk)
• → Azerbaijani: mülk
• → Classical Persian: مُلْک (mulk) (see there for further descendants)
• → Malay: muluk
  • Indonesian: muluk
• → Swahili: milki
• → Turkish: mülk
• → Uzbek: mulk

Etymology 2.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /milk/

Noun

مِلْك • (milk) m (plural أَمْلَاك (ʔamlāk))

1. verbal noun of مَلَكَ (malaka) (form I)
2. property, possession, goods and chattels, fortune, wealth
3. estate
4. real estate, landed property

Declension

Declension of noun مِلْك (milk)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مِلْك milk	الْمِلْك al-milk	مِلْك milk
nominative	مِلْكٌ milkun	الْمِلْكُ al-milku	مِلْكُ milku
accusative	مِلْكًا milkan	الْمِلْكَ al-milka	مِلْكَ milka
genitive	مِلْكٍ milkin	الْمِلْكِ al-milki	مِلْكِ milki
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مِلْكَيْن milkayn	الْمِلْكَيْن al-milkayn	مِلْكَيْ milkay
nominative	مِلْكَانِ milkāni	الْمِلْكَانِ al-milkāni	مِلْكَا milkā
accusative	مِلْكَيْنِ milkayni	الْمِلْكَيْنِ al-milkayni	مِلْكَيْ milkay
genitive	مِلْكَيْنِ milkayni	الْمِلْكَيْنِ al-milkayni	مِلْكَيْ milkay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَمْلَاك ʔamlāk	الْأَمْلَاك al-ʔamlāk	أَمْلَاك ʔamlāk
nominative	أَمْلَاكٌ ʔamlākun	الْأَمْلَاكُ al-ʔamlāku	أَمْلَاكُ ʔamlāku
accusative	أَمْلَاكًا ʔamlākan	الْأَمْلَاكَ al-ʔamlāka	أَمْلَاكَ ʔamlāka
genitive	أَمْلَاكٍ ʔamlākin	الْأَمْلَاكِ al-ʔamlāki	أَمْلَاكِ ʔamlāki

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: mülk
  • → Armenian: մուլք (mulkʻ)
• → Kazakh: мүлік (mülık)
• → Malay: milik
  • Indonesian: milik
• → Classical Persian: مِلْک (milk)
  • Iranian Persian: مِلْک (melk)
  • Tajik: милк (milk)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ملك (milk, mülk)
  • Turkish: mülk
  • → Albanian: mylk
  • → Greek: μούλκι (moúlki)
  • → Ladino: mulk
• → Uzbek: mulk
• → Uyghur: مۈلك (mülk)

Etymology 2.4

Root
م ل ك (m l k)
13 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.la.ka/

Verb

مَلَكَ • (malaka) I (non-past يَمْلِكُ (yamliku), verbal noun مَلْك (malk) or مِلْك (milk) or مُلْك (mulk) or مَلَكَة (malaka) or مَمْلُكَة (mamluka) or مَمْلِكَة (mamlika) or مَمْلَكَة (mamlaka))

1. to take in possession, to take over, to acquire, to seize
2. to possess, to lay hold, to own, to have, to be the owner

   يَمْلِكُ ٱلرَّجُلُ سَيَّارَةً جَدِيدَةً.

   yamliku r-rajulu sayyāratan jadīdatan.

   The man owns a new car.

3. to dominate, to control
4. to be the master
5. to be capable, to be able, to be in a position to
   • Hadith

     لَيْسَ الشَّدِيدُ بِالصُّرَعَةِ؛ إِنَّمَا الشَّدِيدُ الَّذِي يَمْلِكُ نَفْسَهُ عِنْدَ الْغَضَبِ.

     laysa š-šadīdu bi-ṣ-ṣuraʕati; ʔinnamā š-šadīdu llaḏī yamliku nafsahu ʕinda l-ḡaḍabi.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

6. to rule, to reign, to exercise authority, to hold sway, to lord over

Conjugation

Conjugation of مَلَكَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive, verbal nouns مَلْك, مِلْك, مُلْك, مَلَكَة, مَمْلُكَة, مَمْلِكَة, مَمْلَكَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						مَلْك, مِلْك, مُلْك, مَلَكَة, مَمْلُكَة, مَمْلِكَة, مَمْلَكَة malk, milk, mulk, malaka, mamluka, mamlika, mamlaka
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مَالِك mālik
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَمْلُوك mamlūk
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	مَلَكْتُ malaktu	مَلَكْتَ malakta	مَلَكَ malaka		مَلَكْتُمَا malaktumā	مَلَكَا malakā		مَلَكْنَا malaknā	مَلَكْتُمْ malaktum	مَلَكُوا malakū
	f		مَلَكْتِ malakti	مَلَكَتْ malakat			مَلَكَتَا malakatā			مَلَكْتُنَّ malaktunna	مَلَكْنَ malakna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَمْلِكُ ʔamliku	تَمْلِكُ tamliku	يَمْلِكُ yamliku		تَمْلِكَانِ tamlikāni	يَمْلِكَانِ yamlikāni		نَمْلِكُ namliku	تَمْلِكُونَ tamlikūna	يَمْلِكُونَ yamlikūna
	f		تَمْلِكِينَ tamlikīna	تَمْلِكُ tamliku			تَمْلِكَانِ tamlikāni			تَمْلِكْنَ tamlikna	يَمْلِكْنَ yamlikna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَمْلِكَ ʔamlika	تَمْلِكَ tamlika	يَمْلِكَ yamlika		تَمْلِكَا tamlikā	يَمْلِكَا yamlikā		نَمْلِكَ namlika	تَمْلِكُوا tamlikū	يَمْلِكُوا yamlikū
	f		تَمْلِكِي tamlikī	تَمْلِكَ tamlika			تَمْلِكَا tamlikā			تَمْلِكْنَ tamlikna	يَمْلِكْنَ yamlikna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَمْلِكْ ʔamlik	تَمْلِكْ tamlik	يَمْلِكْ yamlik		تَمْلِكَا tamlikā	يَمْلِكَا yamlikā		نَمْلِكْ namlik	تَمْلِكُوا tamlikū	يَمْلِكُوا yamlikū
	f		تَمْلِكِي tamlikī	تَمْلِكْ tamlik			تَمْلِكَا tamlikā			تَمْلِكْنَ tamlikna	يَمْلِكْنَ yamlikna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِمْلِكْ imlik			اِمْلِكَا imlikā				اِمْلِكُوا imlikū
	f		اِمْلِكِي imlikī							اِمْلِكْنَ imlikna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	مُلِكْتُ muliktu	مُلِكْتَ mulikta	مُلِكَ mulika		مُلِكْتُمَا muliktumā	مُلِكَا mulikā		مُلِكْنَا muliknā	مُلِكْتُمْ muliktum	مُلِكُوا mulikū
	f		مُلِكْتِ mulikti	مُلِكَتْ mulikat			مُلِكَتَا mulikatā			مُلِكْتُنَّ muliktunna	مُلِكْنَ mulikna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُمْلَكُ ʔumlaku	تُمْلَكُ tumlaku	يُمْلَكُ yumlaku		تُمْلَكَانِ tumlakāni	يُمْلَكَانِ yumlakāni		نُمْلَكُ numlaku	تُمْلَكُونَ tumlakūna	يُمْلَكُونَ yumlakūna
	f		تُمْلَكِينَ tumlakīna	تُمْلَكُ tumlaku			تُمْلَكَانِ tumlakāni			تُمْلَكْنَ tumlakna	يُمْلَكْنَ yumlakna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُمْلَكَ ʔumlaka	تُمْلَكَ tumlaka	يُمْلَكَ yumlaka		تُمْلَكَا tumlakā	يُمْلَكَا yumlakā		نُمْلَكَ numlaka	تُمْلَكُوا tumlakū	يُمْلَكُوا yumlakū
	f		تُمْلَكِي tumlakī	تُمْلَكَ tumlaka			تُمْلَكَا tumlakā			تُمْلَكْنَ tumlakna	يُمْلَكْنَ yumlakna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُمْلَكْ ʔumlak	تُمْلَكْ tumlak	يُمْلَكْ yumlak		تُمْلَكَا tumlakā	يُمْلَكَا yumlakā		نُمْلَكْ numlak	تُمْلَكُوا tumlakū	يُمْلَكُوا yumlakū
	f		تُمْلَكِي tumlakī	تُمْلَكْ tumlak			تُمْلَكَا tumlakā			تُمْلَكْنَ tumlakna	يُمْلَكْنَ yumlakna

Etymology 2.5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mal.la.ka/

Verb

مَلَّكَ • (mallaka) II (non-past يُمَلِّكُ (yumalliku), verbal noun تَمْلِيك (tamlīk))

1. to make the owner
2. to put in possession
3. to transfer ownership, to assign, to make over, to convey
4. to make king

Conjugation

Conjugation of مَلَّكَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَمْلِيك)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَمْلِيك tamlīk
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُمَلِّك mumallik
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُمَلَّك mumallak
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	مَلَّكْتُ mallaktu	مَلَّكْتَ mallakta	مَلَّكَ mallaka		مَلَّكْتُمَا mallaktumā	مَلَّكَا mallakā		مَلَّكْنَا mallaknā	مَلَّكْتُمْ mallaktum	مَلَّكُوا mallakū
	f		مَلَّكْتِ mallakti	مَلَّكَتْ mallakat			مَلَّكَتَا mallakatā			مَلَّكْتُنَّ mallaktunna	مَلَّكْنَ mallakna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُمَلِّكُ ʔumalliku	تُمَلِّكُ tumalliku	يُمَلِّكُ yumalliku		تُمَلِّكَانِ tumallikāni	يُمَلِّكَانِ yumallikāni		نُمَلِّكُ numalliku	تُمَلِّكُونَ tumallikūna	يُمَلِّكُونَ yumallikūna
	f		تُمَلِّكِينَ tumallikīna	تُمَلِّكُ tumalliku			تُمَلِّكَانِ tumallikāni			تُمَلِّكْنَ tumallikna	يُمَلِّكْنَ yumallikna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُمَلِّكَ ʔumallika	تُمَلِّكَ tumallika	يُمَلِّكَ yumallika		تُمَلِّكَا tumallikā	يُمَلِّكَا yumallikā		نُمَلِّكَ numallika	تُمَلِّكُوا tumallikū	يُمَلِّكُوا yumallikū
	f		تُمَلِّكِي tumallikī	تُمَلِّكَ tumallika			تُمَلِّكَا tumallikā			تُمَلِّكْنَ tumallikna	يُمَلِّكْنَ yumallikna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُمَلِّكْ ʔumallik	تُمَلِّكْ tumallik	يُمَلِّكْ yumallik		تُمَلِّكَا tumallikā	يُمَلِّكَا yumallikā		نُمَلِّكْ numallik	تُمَلِّكُوا tumallikū	يُمَلِّكُوا yumallikū
	f		تُمَلِّكِي tumallikī	تُمَلِّكْ tumallik			تُمَلِّكَا tumallikā			تُمَلِّكْنَ tumallikna	يُمَلِّكْنَ yumallikna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		مَلِّكْ mallik			مَلِّكَا mallikā				مَلِّكُوا mallikū
	f		مَلِّكِي mallikī							مَلِّكْنَ mallikna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	مُلِّكْتُ mulliktu	مُلِّكْتَ mullikta	مُلِّكَ mullika		مُلِّكْتُمَا mulliktumā	مُلِّكَا mullikā		مُلِّكْنَا mulliknā	مُلِّكْتُمْ mulliktum	مُلِّكُوا mullikū
	f		مُلِّكْتِ mullikti	مُلِّكَتْ mullikat			مُلِّكَتَا mullikatā			مُلِّكْتُنَّ mulliktunna	مُلِّكْنَ mullikna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُمَلَّكُ ʔumallaku	تُمَلَّكُ tumallaku	يُمَلَّكُ yumallaku		تُمَلَّكَانِ tumallakāni	يُمَلَّكَانِ yumallakāni		نُمَلَّكُ numallaku	تُمَلَّكُونَ tumallakūna	يُمَلَّكُونَ yumallakūna
	f		تُمَلَّكِينَ tumallakīna	تُمَلَّكُ tumallaku			تُمَلَّكَانِ tumallakāni			تُمَلَّكْنَ tumallakna	يُمَلَّكْنَ yumallakna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُمَلَّكَ ʔumallaka	تُمَلَّكَ tumallaka	يُمَلَّكَ yumallaka		تُمَلَّكَا tumallakā	يُمَلَّكَا yumallakā		نُمَلَّكَ numallaka	تُمَلَّكُوا tumallakū	يُمَلَّكُوا yumallakū
	f		تُمَلَّكِي tumallakī	تُمَلَّكَ tumallaka			تُمَلَّكَا tumallakā			تُمَلَّكْنَ tumallakna	يُمَلَّكْنَ yumallakna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُمَلَّكْ ʔumallak	تُمَلَّكْ tumallak	يُمَلَّكْ yumallak		تُمَلَّكَا tumallakā	يُمَلَّكَا yumallakā		نُمَلَّكْ numallak	تُمَلَّكُوا tumallakū	يُمَلَّكُوا yumallakū
	f		تُمَلَّكِي tumallakī	تُمَلَّكْ tumallak			تُمَلَّكَا tumallakā			تُمَلَّكْنَ tumallakna	يُمَلَّكْنَ yumallakna

Etymology 2.6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.lak/

Noun

مَلَك • (malak) m (plural مُلُك (muluk))

1. possession, property
2. food and water, resources; anything which regulates, maintains, or sustains; essentials, supplies, utilities
3. foundation of ones existence
   1. agent or effective cause

Declension

Declension of noun مَلَك (malak)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلَك malak	الْمَلَك al-malak	مَلَك malak
nominative	مَلَكٌ malakun	الْمَلَكُ al-malaku	مَلَكُ malaku
accusative	مَلَكًا malakan	الْمَلَكَ al-malaka	مَلَكَ malaka
genitive	مَلَكٍ malakin	الْمَلَكِ al-malaki	مَلَكِ malaki
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلَكَيْن malakayn	الْمَلَكَيْن al-malakayn	مَلَكَيْ malakay
nominative	مَلَكَانِ malakāni	الْمَلَكَانِ al-malakāni	مَلَكَا malakā
accusative	مَلَكَيْنِ malakayni	الْمَلَكَيْنِ al-malakayni	مَلَكَيْ malakay
genitive	مَلَكَيْنِ malakayni	الْمَلَكَيْنِ al-malakayni	مَلَكَيْ malakay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مُلُك muluk	الْمُلُك al-muluk	مُلُك muluk
nominative	مُلُكٌ mulukun	الْمُلُكُ al-muluku	مُلُكُ muluku
accusative	مُلُكًا mulukan	الْمُلُكَ al-muluka	مُلُكَ muluka
genitive	مُلُكٍ mulukin	الْمُلُكِ al-muluki	مُلُكِ muluki

Etymology 2.7

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /malk/

Noun

مَلْك • (malk) m

1. verbal noun of مَلَكَ (malaka) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun مَلْك (malk)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلْك malk	الْمَلْك al-malk	مَلْك malk
nominative	مَلْكٌ malkun	الْمَلْكُ al-malku	مَلْكُ malku
accusative	مَلْكًا malkan	الْمَلْكَ al-malka	مَلْكَ malka
genitive	مَلْكٍ malkin	الْمَلْكِ al-malki	مَلْكِ malki

Etymology 2.8

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mul.lak/

Noun

مُلَّك • (mullak) m pl

1. plural of مَالِك (mālik)

Adjective

مُلَّك • (mullak)

1. masculine plural of مَالِك (mālik)

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “ملك”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 613–614
• Freytag, Georg (1837), “ملك”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[4] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 208–209
• van Putten, Marijn (2020), "Classical and Modern Standard Arabic", in Arabic and Contact-induced Change (eds. Manfredi and Lucas)
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “ملك”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 1081

Ottoman Turkish

ملك

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic مَلَك (malak), variant of مَلْأَك (malʔak, “angel”).

Noun

ملك • (melek) (definite accusative ملكی (meleği), plural ملائك (melâʼik) or ملائكه (melâʼike))

1. (religion) angel, an incorporeal and holy messenger from a deity, traditionally depicted as a youthful, winged figure

   Synonym: فرشته (ferişte)

Derived terms

• ملك الصیانه (meleküʼs-siyâne, “guardian angel”)
• ملك الموت (meleküʼl-mevt, “angel of death”)
• ملك اوتی (melek otu, “angelica”)
• ملك كوكی (melek kökü, “garden angelica”)
• ملكی (melekî, “angelic”)

Descendants

• Turkish: melek
• → Albanian: meleq
• → Laz: მელაეღი (melaeği), მელეღი (meleği), მელაჲეღი (melayeği)
• → Romanian: melec
• → Serbo-Croatian: mèlek / мѐлек

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “ملك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 785
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “melek1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3123
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “melek”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[5] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 726
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “ملك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[6] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1221
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Angelus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[7], Vienna, column 61
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “ملك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[8], Vienna, column 4895
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “melek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “ملك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[9], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1971

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic مَلِك (malik, “king”).

Noun

ملك • (melik) (feminine ملكه (melike), definite accusative ملكی (meliği), plural ملوك (mülûk))

1. king, sovereign, monarch, a man who heads a monarchy, the supreme ruler of his nation

   Synonyms: شاه (şâh), قرال (kral)

2. (by extension) Lord, the Abrahamic deity worshipped by the Jewish, Christian and Islamic faiths

   Synonyms: الله (allâh), رب (rab)

3. pirate, corsair, buccaneer, sea-robber, a criminal who plunders vessels at sea or port towns

   Synonym: قرصان (korsan)

Derived terms

• ملك اوتی (melik otu, “snapdragon”)
• ملكانه (melikâne, “royally”)
• ملكی (melikî, “kingly”)

Descendants

• Turkish: melik
• → Serbo-Croatian: mèlik / мѐлик

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “ملك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 785
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “melik4”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3127
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “melik”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[10] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 728
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “ملك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[11] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1221
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Rex”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[12], Vienna, column 1483
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “ملك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[13], Vienna, column 4895
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “ملك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[14], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1971

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic مِلْك (milk, “property”).

Noun

ملك • (milk, mülk) (plural املاك)

1. possession, property
2. sovereignty, dominion
3. God's supreme sovereignty and dominion
4. the whole creation, as the domain of God

Descendants

• Turkish: mülk
• → Albanian: mylk
• → Greek: μούλκι (moúlki)
• → Ladino: mulk

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ملك • (müllek)

1. plural of مالك

South Levantine Arabic

Root
م ل ك
3 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic مَلَكَ (malaka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.lak/, [ˈma.lak]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

ملك • (malak) I (present بملك (bimlik))

1. to own
2. to control

Conjugation

Conjugation of ملك

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ملكت (malakt)	ملكت (malakt)	ملك (malak)		ملكنا (malakna)	ملكتو (malaktu)	ملكو (malaku)
	f		ملكتي (malakti)	ملكت (malkat)
present	m	بملك (bamlik)	بتملك (btimlik)	بملك (bimlik)		منملك (mnimlik)	بتملكو (btimliku)	بملكو (bimliku)
	f		بتملكي (btimliki)	بتملك (btimlik)
subjunctive	m	أملك (ʔamlik)	تملك (timlik)	يملك (yimlik)		نملك (nimlik)	تملكو (timliku)	يملكو (yimliku)
	f		تملكي (timliki)	تملك (timlik)
imperative	m		املك (imlik)				املكو (imliku)
	f		املكي (imliki)

Etymology 2

From Arabic مَلِك (malik).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.lik/, [ˈma.lɪk]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

ملك • (malik) m (plural ملوك (mlūk), feminine ملكة (malike))

1. king