شطرنج

Arabic

شَطْرَنْج

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr, “four”)

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-

Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”)

Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.

Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”)

Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.

Arabic شطرنج

Borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”).

Noun

شِطْرَنْج or شَطْرَنْج • (šiṭranj or šaṭranj) m

1. shatranj
2. chess

Declension

Declension of noun شِطْرَنْج (šiṭranj)‎; شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شِطْرَنْج‎; شَطْرَنْج šiṭranj‎; šaṭranj	الشِّطْرَنْج‎; الشَّطْرَنْج aš-šiṭranj‎; aš-šaṭranj	شِطْرَنْج‎; شَطْرَنْج šiṭranj‎; šaṭranj
nominative	شِطْرَنْجٌ‎; شَطْرَنْجٌ šiṭranjun‎; šaṭranjun	الشِّطْرَنْجُ‎; الشَّطْرَنْجُ aš-šiṭranju‎; aš-šaṭranju	شِطْرَنْجُ‎; شَطْرَنْجُ šiṭranju‎; šaṭranju
accusative	شِطْرَنْجًا‎; شَطْرَنْجًا šiṭranjan‎; šaṭranjan	الشِّطْرَنْجَ‎; الشَّطْرَنْجَ aš-šiṭranja‎; aš-šaṭranja	شِطْرَنْجَ‎; شَطْرَنْجَ šiṭranja‎; šaṭranja
genitive	شِطْرَنْجٍ‎; شَطْرَنْجٍ šiṭranjin‎; šaṭranjin	الشِّطْرَنْجِ‎; الشَّطْرَنْجِ aš-šiṭranji‎; aš-šaṭranji	شِطْرَنْجِ‎; شَطْرَنْجِ šiṭranji‎; šaṭranji

Descendants

• Andalusian Arabic: شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)
  • → Aragonese: axedrez
  • → Asturian: axedrez
  • → Mirandese: xadreç
  • → Old Galician-Portuguese: axadrez, enxadrez
    • Galician: xadrez
    • Portuguese: xadrez
  • → Old Spanish: axedrez, acedrej, acedrex, acedreyx, açedrex, axadrez, axedres, exedres, xedrez
    • Spanish: ajedrez
      • → Bikol Central: ahedres
      • → Cebuano: ahedres
      • → Hiligaynon: ahedres
      • → Tagalog: ahedres
• → Amharic: ሰንጠረዥ (sänṭäräž)
• → English: shatranj
• → Middle Armenian: սատրինճ (satrinč), սաթրինճ (satʻrinč), սատրիճ (satrič)
  • Armenian: սատրինջ (satrinǰ)
• → Persian: شطرنج (šatranj)
  • → Azerbaijani: satranc
  • → Gujarati: શેતરંજ (śetrañj)
  • → Hindi: शतरंज (śatrañj)
  • → Odia: ସତରଞ୍ଜ (satarañja)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: شطرنج (şatranc)
    • Turkish: satranç
  • → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ (śatrañj)
  • Tajik: шатранҷ (šatranj)
• → Russian: шатра́ндж (šatrándž)
• → Swahili: sataranji

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr, “four”)

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-

Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”)

Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.

Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”)

Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.

Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)

North Levantine Arabic شطرنج

Inherited from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj), borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”). Hyperforeignized to French phonology by some speakers.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃa.tˤa.ranʒ/ [ʃɑ.tˤɑ.ˈɾɑnʒ]
• (hyperforeign) IPA^(key): /ʃa.ta.rõːʒ/ [ʃa.ta.ˈɾɒ̃ːʒ]

Noun

شطرنج • (šaṭaranj, šatarō̃j) m

1. chess

Persian

Alternative forms

• شترنج (šatranj), اشترنج (eštranj), اشترنگ (eštrang), شترنگ (šatrang), چترنگ (čatrang), سترنگ (satrang), سطرنج (satranj), شفطرنج (šafatranj)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr, “four”)

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-

Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”)

Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.

Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”)

Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.

Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)bor.

Persian شطرنج

Borrowed from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj), borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃat.ˈrand͡ʒ/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾánd͡ʒ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾánd͡ʒ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾánd͡ʒ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾánd͡ʒ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæt̪ʰ.ɹǽnd͡ʒ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾánd͡ʒ]

Readings
Classical reading?	šatranj
Dari reading?	šatranj
Iranian reading?	šatranj
Tajik reading?	šatranj

Noun

شطرنج • (šatranj) (Tajik spelling шатранҷ)

1. shatranj
2. chess

   بازیِ شَطْرَنْج ― bâzi-ye šatranj ― a game of chess

See also

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)
شاه (šâh)	وزیر (vazir), فرزین (farzin)	رخ (rox), قلعه (qal'e)	فیل (fil)	اسب (asb)	پیاده (piyâde), سرباز (sarbâz)

Punjabi

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /ʃə.ˈt̪rənd͡ʒᵊ/
• Rhymes: -ənd͡ʒ

Noun

شَطرَنج • (śat̤ranj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ)

1. chess
2. shatranj

Declension

Declension of شطرنج

	singular	plural
direct	شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj)	شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj)
oblique	شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj)	شَطرَنجاں (śat̤ranjāṉ)
vocative	شَطرَنجا (śat̤ranjā)	شَطرَنجو (śat̤ranjo)
ablative	شَطرَنجوں (śat̤ranjoṉ)	—
locative	شَطرَنجے (śat̤ranje)	شَطرَنجِیں (śat̤ranjīṉ)
instrumental	شَطرَنجوں (śat̤ranjoṉ)	–

Synonyms

• چَیسّ (caiss)

References

• “ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr, “four”)

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-

Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”)

Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.

Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”)

Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.

Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)

South Levantine Arabic شطرنج

Inherited from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj), borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃatˤ.ranʒ/, [ʃɑtˤˈrˤɑnʒ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

شطرنج • (šaṭranj) m

1. chess

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr, “four”)

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-

Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”)

Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.

Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”)

Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.

Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)bor.

Classical Persian شَطْرَنْج (šatranj)bor.

Urdu شطرنج

Borrowed from Classical Persian شَطْرَنْج (šatranj), borrowed from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj), borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃət̪.ɾənd͡ʒ/

Noun

شَطْرَنْج • (śatranj) f (Hindi spelling शतरंज)

1. shatranj
2. chess