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اسب

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: اسپ and است

Arabic

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Etymology

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    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

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    اِسْبِ • (isbi) (form I) /is.bi/

    1. second-person masculine singular imperative of سَبَى (sabā)

    Laki

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Iranian *Hácwah (compare Northern Kurdish hesp, esp, Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Persian اسب), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (compare Sanskrit अश्व (áśva)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos.

    Noun

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    اسب (asb)

    1. horse

    Persian

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    PIE word
    *h₁éḱwos

    From earlier اسپ (asp), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾsp̄ /⁠asp⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (aspa), from Old Median *aspah (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (asa)), from Proto-Iranian *Hácwah (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Northern Kurdish hesp, esp, Pashto آس (ās), Ossetian ефс (efs)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (compare Sanskrit अश्व (áśva)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (compare Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Lithuanian ašva (“mare”), Latin equus).

    Pronunciation

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    Readings
    Classical reading? asb
    Dari reading? asb
    Iranian reading? asb
    Tajik reading? asb
    • (Kulob) IPA(key): /ʕäsp/
    • (Shushtar, Khansar) IPA(key): /ʕæsb/
    • Audio (Iran):(file)

    Noun

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    Dari اسپ
    Iranian Persian اسب
    Tajik асп

    اسب • (asb) (plural اسب‌ها, or اسبان)

    1. horse
    2. (chess) knight

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Judeo-Tat: ⱨəsb

    See also

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    Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)
    ♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
    شاه (šâh) وزیر (vazir),
    فرزین (farzin)     		رخ (rox),
    قلعه (qal'e)     		فیل (fil) اسب (asb) پیاده (piyâde),
    سرباز (sarbâz)

    References

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    1. ^ Habib Borjian (2021), “Traces of Pharyngeal Consonants in Isfahani Persian: A Case of Language Contact”, in Iranian Studies‎[1], volume 54, numbers 1-2, →DOI, pages 281-295:
      Interestingly, the pharyngealized form for “horse” occurs far and wide in three corners of the Iranian linguistic domain. These are ʿasp in Kulabi and ʿasb in Šuštari, Xwānsāri, and Judeo-Tat. (Cf. Kurmanji hasp, with an un-etymological initial /h/.) Considering that “horse” is among just a few pharyngealized native words in each of these languages, mere coincidence is improbable. The distribution suggests an early pharyngealized form. Could the word carry its original Proto-Indo-European laryngeal consonant (h₁éḱwos)? Not if we subscribe to the consensus that laryngeals had already ceased to exist in Old Iranian.

    Further reading

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