حج

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

From ح ج ج (ḥ j j). Compare Hebrew חַג (ḥaḡ, “feast-day”), Classical Syriac ܚܓܐ (ḥaggā, “feast”), Classical Syriac ܚܳܓ (ḥāgg, “to go around”), Ge'ez ሕግ (ḥəgg, “law”), Ge'ez ሐገገ (ḥaggaga, “to legislate, to decree”). Perhaps related to حَقَّ (ḥaqqa, “to be right”) and words corresponding to this root in the other Semitic languages, there being for example Hebrew חוק (ḥóqq, “law”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħad͡ʒ.d͡ʒa/

Verb

حَجَّ • (ḥajja) I (non-past يَحُجُّ (yaḥujju), verbal noun حَجّ (ḥajj))

1. to overcome, defeat, defend (with arguments, evidence, etc.)
2. to convince
3. (religion) to make a pilgrimage
   1. (Islam) to perform the hajj (make a pilgrimage to Mecca according to a specific ritual)
4. to go towards, visit, repair to (obsolete)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of حَجَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive, verbal noun حَجّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						حَجّ ḥajj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						حَاجّ ḥājj
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَحْجُوج maḥjūj
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَجَجْتُ ḥajajtu	حَجَجْتَ ḥajajta	حَجَّ ḥajja		حَجَجْتُمَا ḥajajtumā	حَجَّا ḥajjā		حَجَجْنَا ḥajajnā	حَجَجْتُمْ ḥajajtum	حَجُّوا ḥajjū
	f		حَجَجْتِ ḥajajti	حَجَّتْ ḥajjat			حَجَّتَا ḥajjatā			حَجَجْتُنَّ ḥajajtunna	حَجَجْنَ ḥajajna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحُجُّ ʔaḥujju	تَحُجُّ taḥujju	يَحُجُّ yaḥujju		تَحُجَّانِ taḥujjāni	يَحُجَّانِ yaḥujjāni		نَحُجُّ naḥujju	تَحُجُّونَ taḥujjūna	يَحُجُّونَ yaḥujjūna
	f		تَحُجِّينَ taḥujjīna	تَحُجُّ taḥujju			تَحُجَّانِ taḥujjāni			تَحْجُجْنَ taḥjujna	يَحْجُجْنَ yaḥjujna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحُجَّ ʔaḥujja	تَحُجَّ taḥujja	يَحُجَّ yaḥujja		تَحُجَّا taḥujjā	يَحُجَّا yaḥujjā		نَحُجَّ naḥujja	تَحُجُّوا taḥujjū	يَحُجُّوا yaḥujjū
	f		تَحُجِّي taḥujjī	تَحُجَّ taḥujja			تَحُجَّا taḥujjā			تَحْجُجْنَ taḥjujna	يَحْجُجْنَ yaḥjujna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحُجَّ, أَحُجِّ, أَحْجُجْ ʔaḥujja, ʔaḥujji, ʔaḥjuj	تَحُجَّ, تَحُجِّ, تَحْجُجْ taḥujja, taḥujji, taḥjuj	يَحُجَّ, يَحُجِّ, يَحْجُجْ yaḥujja, yaḥujji, yaḥjuj		تَحُجَّا taḥujjā	يَحُجَّا yaḥujjā		نَحُجَّ, نَحُجِّ, نَحْجُجْ naḥujja, naḥujji, naḥjuj	تَحُجُّوا taḥujjū	يَحُجُّوا yaḥujjū
	f		تَحُجِّي taḥujjī	تَحُجَّ, تَحُجِّ, تَحْجُجْ taḥujja, taḥujji, taḥjuj			تَحُجَّا taḥujjā			تَحْجُجْنَ taḥjujna	يَحْجُجْنَ yaḥjujna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حُجَّ, حُجِّ, اُحْجُجْ ḥujja, ḥujji, uḥjuj			حُجَّا ḥujjā				حُجُّوا ḥujjū
	f		حُجِّي ḥujjī							اُحْجُجْنَ uḥjujna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُجِجْتُ ḥujijtu	حُجِجْتَ ḥujijta	حُجَّ ḥujja		حُجِجْتُمَا ḥujijtumā	حُجَّا ḥujjā		حُجِجْنَا ḥujijnā	حُجِجْتُمْ ḥujijtum	حُجُّوا ḥujjū
	f		حُجِجْتِ ḥujijti	حُجَّتْ ḥujjat			حُجَّتَا ḥujjatā			حُجِجْتُنَّ ḥujijtunna	حُجِجْنَ ḥujijna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحَجُّ ʔuḥajju	تُحَجُّ tuḥajju	يُحَجُّ yuḥajju		تُحَجَّانِ tuḥajjāni	يُحَجَّانِ yuḥajjāni		نُحَجُّ nuḥajju	تُحَجُّونَ tuḥajjūna	يُحَجُّونَ yuḥajjūna
	f		تُحَجِّينَ tuḥajjīna	تُحَجُّ tuḥajju			تُحَجَّانِ tuḥajjāni			تُحْجَجْنَ tuḥjajna	يُحْجَجْنَ yuḥjajna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَجَّ ʔuḥajja	تُحَجَّ tuḥajja	يُحَجَّ yuḥajja		تُحَجَّا tuḥajjā	يُحَجَّا yuḥajjā		نُحَجَّ nuḥajja	تُحَجُّوا tuḥajjū	يُحَجُّوا yuḥajjū
	f		تُحَجِّي tuḥajjī	تُحَجَّ tuḥajja			تُحَجَّا tuḥajjā			تُحْجَجْنَ tuḥjajna	يُحْجَجْنَ yuḥjajna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَجَّ, أُحَجِّ, أُحْجَجْ ʔuḥajja, ʔuḥajji, ʔuḥjaj	تُحَجَّ, تُحَجِّ, تُحْجَجْ tuḥajja, tuḥajji, tuḥjaj	يُحَجَّ, يُحَجِّ, يُحْجَجْ yuḥajja, yuḥajji, yuḥjaj		تُحَجَّا tuḥajjā	يُحَجَّا yuḥajjā		نُحَجَّ, نُحَجِّ, نُحْجَجْ nuḥajja, nuḥajji, nuḥjaj	تُحَجُّوا tuḥajjū	يُحَجُّوا yuḥajjū
	f		تُحَجِّي tuḥajjī	تُحَجَّ, تُحَجِّ, تُحْجَجْ tuḥajja, tuḥajji, tuḥjaj			تُحَجَّا tuḥajjā			تُحْجَجْنَ tuḥjajna	يُحْجَجْنَ yuḥjajna

Descendants

• → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܗܵܝܸܓ̰ (hāyij, “to wander aimlessly”)

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħad͡ʒd͡ʒ/
  • (Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ħaɡɡ/
  • (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /ħaʒʒ/
  • (North Levantine) IPA^(key): /ħaʒʒ/

Noun

حَجّ • (ḥajj) m (usually uncountable)

1. verbal noun of حَجَّ (ḥajja) (form I)
2. (religion) pilgrimage
   1. (Islam) hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca according to a specific ritual)

Declension

Declension of noun حَجّ (ḥajj)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَجّ ḥajj	الْحَجّ al-ḥajj	حَجّ ḥajj
nominative	حَجٌّ ḥajjun	الْحَجُّ al-ḥajju	حَجُّ ḥajju
accusative	حَجًّا ḥajjan	الْحَجَّ al-ḥajja	حَجَّ ḥajja
genitive	حَجٍّ ḥajjin	الْحَجِّ al-ḥajji	حَجِّ ḥajji

Synonyms

• حِجَّة (ḥijja)

Related terms

• اِحْتِجَاج (iḥtijāj)
• تَحَجُّج (taḥajjuj)
• حَاجّ (ḥājj)
• حَجَاج (ḥajāj)
• حُجَّة (ḥujja)
• حُجِّيَّة (authority)
• ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja)
• مَحَجَّة (maḥajja)
• مَحَجّ (maḥajj)
• مُحْتَجّ (muḥtajj)

Further reading

• حج on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ar

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “حج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 248
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “حج”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 344
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “حج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 513–514.
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “حج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 183–184

Egyptian Arabic

Root
ح ج ج
1 term

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħaɡɡ/, [ħæɡː] (before a vowel), [ˈħaɡːe] (before a consonant), [ħæɡ] (sentence-final)

Etymology 1

From Arabic حَاجّ (ḥājj), active participle of حَجَّ (ḥajja, “to preform the hajj”).

Noun

حجّ • (ḥagg) m (plural حجّاج (ḥuggāg), feminine حجّة (ḥagga))

1. (singular only) Traditional term of address to an older man.
2. One who has preformed hajj.

Etymology 2

From Arabic حَجَّ (ḥajja).

Verb

حجّ • (ḥagg) I (verbal noun حجّ (ḥagg), active participle حاجج (ḥāgig))

1. to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, to preform hajj

Conjugation

Conjugation of حج

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	حجيت (ḥaggēt)	حجيت (ḥaggēt)	حج (ḥagg)		حجينا (ḥaggēna)	حجيتوا (ḥaggētu)	حجوا (ḥaggu)
	f		حجيتي (ḥaggēti)	حجت (ḥaggit)
present subjunctive	m	احج (aḥigg)	تحج (tiḥigg)	يحج (yiḥigg)		نحج (niḥigg)	تحجوا (tiḥiggu)	يحجوا (yiḥiggu)
	f		تحجي (tiḥiggi)	تحج (tíḥigg)
present indicative	m	بحج (baḥigg)	بتحج (bitḥigg)	بيحج (biyḥigg)		بنحج (binḥigg)	بتحجوا (bitḥiggu)	بيحجوا (biyḥiggu)
	f		بتحجي (bitḥiggi)	بتحج (bitḥigg)
future1	m	هحج (haḥigg)	هتحج (hatḥigg)	هيحج (hayḥigg)		هنحج (hanḥigg)	هتحجوا (hatḥiggu)	هيحجوا (hayḥiggu)
	f		هتحجي (hatḥiggi)	هتحج (hatḥigg)
imperative	m		حج (ḥigg)				حجوا (ḥiggu)
	f		حجي (ḥiggi)

¹ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ح ج ج
1 term

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħaʒʒ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Arabic حَجَّ (ḥajja).

Verb

حج • (ḥagg) I (non-past يحُج (yḥujj) or يحَج (yḥajj))

1. to make a pilgrimage to mecca

Conjugation

Conjugation of حج

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	حجّيت (ḥajjīt)	حجّيتي (ḥajjīti)	حجّ (ḥajj)		حجّينا (ḥajjīna)	حجّيتوا (ḥajjītu)	حجّوا (ḥajju)
	f			حجّت (ḥajjāt)
non-past	m	نحجّ (nḥujj)	تحجّ (tḥujj)	يحجّ (yḥujj)		نحجّوا (nḥujju)	تحجّوا (tḥujju)	يحجّوا (yḥujju)
	f		تحجّي (tḥujji)	تحجّ (tḥujj)
imperative	m		حجّ (ḥujj)				حجّوا (ḥujju)
	f		حجّي (ḥujji)

Conjugation of حج

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	حجّيت (ḥajjīt)	حجّيتي (ḥajjīti)	حجّ (ḥajj)		حجّينا (ḥajjīna)	حجّيتوا (ḥajjītu)	حجّوا (ḥajju)
	f			حجّت (ḥajjāt)
non-past	m	نحجّ (nḥajj)	تحجّ (tḥajj)	يحجّ (yḥajj)		نحجّوا (nḥajju)	تحجّوا (tḥajju)	يحجّوا (yḥajju)
	f		تحجّي (tḥajji)	تحجّ (tḥajj)
imperative	m		حجّ (ḥajj)				حجّوا (ḥajju)
	f		حجّي (ḥajji)

Etymology 2

From Arabic حَجّ (ḥajj).

Noun

حج • (ḥajj) m (usually uncountable)

1. (religion) pilgrimage
   1. (Islam) hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca according to a specific ritual)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic حَجّ (ḥajj).

Noun

حج • (hacc)

1. (Islam) hajj, pilgrimage to Mecca

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَجّ (ḥajj).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [hadd͡ʒ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häd̪d͡ʒ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häd̪d͡ʒ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [häd̪d͡ʒ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [häd̪d͡ʒ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæd̪d͡ʒ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [häd̪d͡ʒ]

Readings
Classical reading?	hajj
Dari reading?	hajj
Iranian reading?	hajj
Tajik reading?	hajj

Noun

Dari	حج
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҳаҷҷ

حج • (hajj)

1. (Islam) pilgrimage to Mecca, hajj
   • Rumi, Divan-e Shams, ghazal 648

     ای قوم به حج رفته کجایید کجایید
     معشوق همین جاست بیایید بیایید

     O, you people who have performed hajj, where are you? Where are you?
     The beloved is right here, come! Come!

Derived terms

• حاجی (hâjji)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حج (hajj), from Arabic حَجّ (ḥajj).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɦəd̪d͡ʒ/

Noun

حج • (hajj) m (Hindi spelling हज्ज)

1. (Islam) hajj, pilgrimage to Mecca