حرام

See also: حزام

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ح ر م (ḥ-r-m), related to Hebrew חֵרֶם (ḥērem, “taboo, consecration”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħa.raːm/

Adjective

حَرَام • (ḥarām) (feminine حَرَام (ḥarām), common plural حُرُم (ḥurum))

1. forbidden, interdicted, unlawful, illegitimate
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 10:59:

     قُلۡ أَرَءَيۡتُم مَّاۤ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّٰهُ لَكُم مِّن رِّزۡقࣲ فَجَعَلۡتُم مِّنۡهُ حَرَامࣰا وَحَلَـٰلࣰا قُلۡ ءَاۤللَّهُ أَذِنَ لَكُمۡ ۖ أَمۡ عَلَى ٱللَّٰهِ تَفۡتَرُونَ

     qul ʔa-raʔaytum mā ʔanzala l-lahu lakum min rizqin fa-jaʕaltum minhu ḥarāman wa-ḥalālan qul ʔāllāhu ʔaḏina lakum ʔam ʕalā llāhi taftarūna

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. ill-gotten; stolen
3. inviolable, sacred, sacrosanct, taboo

   اَلْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ ― al-ʔašhuru l-ḥurumu ― The sacred months.

4. cursed, accursed, anathema

Declension

Declension of adjective حَرَام (ḥarām)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَرَام ḥarām	الْحَرَام al-ḥarām	حَرَام ḥarām	الْحَرَام al-ḥarām
Nominative	حَرَامٌ ḥarāmun	الْحَرَامُ al-ḥarāmu	حَرَامٌ ḥarāmun	الْحَرَامُ al-ḥarāmu
Accusative	حَرَامًا ḥarāman	الْحَرَامَ al-ḥarāma	حَرَامًا ḥarāman	الْحَرَامَ al-ḥarāma
Genitive	حَرَامٍ ḥarāmin	الْحَرَامِ al-ḥarāmi	حَرَامٍ ḥarāmin	الْحَرَامِ al-ḥarāmi
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَرَام‎; حَرَامَيْن ḥarām‎; ḥarāmayn	الْحَرَام‎; الْحَرَامَيْن al-ḥarām‎; al-ḥarāmayn	حَرَام‎; حَرَامَيْن ḥarām‎; ḥarāmayn	الْحَرَام‎; الْحَرَامَيْن al-ḥarām‎; al-ḥarāmayn
Nominative	حَرَامٌ‎; حَرَامَانِ ḥarāmun‎; ḥarāmāni	الْحَرَامُ‎; الْحَرَامَانِ al-ḥarāmu‎; al-ḥarāmāni	حَرَامٌ‎; حَرَامَانِ ḥarāmun‎; ḥarāmāni	الْحَرَامُ‎; الْحَرَامَانِ al-ḥarāmu‎; al-ḥarāmāni
Accusative	حَرَامًا‎; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāman‎; ḥarāmayni	الْحَرَامَ‎; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāma‎; al-ḥarāmayni	حَرَامًا‎; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāman‎; ḥarāmayni	الْحَرَامَ‎; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāma‎; al-ḥarāmayni
Genitive	حَرَامٍ‎; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāmin‎; ḥarāmayni	الْحَرَامِ‎; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāmi‎; al-ḥarāmayni	حَرَامٍ‎; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāmin‎; ḥarāmayni	الْحَرَامِ‎; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāmi‎; al-ḥarāmayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote		basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَرَام‎; حُرُم ḥarām‎; ḥurum	الْحَرَام‎; الْحُرُم al-ḥarām‎; al-ḥurum	حَرَام‎; حُرُم ḥarām‎; ḥurum	الْحَرَام‎; الْحُرُم al-ḥarām‎; al-ḥurum
Nominative	حَرَامٌ‎; حُرُمٌ ḥarāmun‎; ḥurumun	الْحَرَامُ‎; الْحُرُمُ al-ḥarāmu‎; al-ḥurumu	حَرَامٌ‎; حُرُمٌ ḥarāmun‎; ḥurumun	الْحَرَامُ‎; الْحُرُمُ al-ḥarāmu‎; al-ḥurumu
Accusative	حَرَامًا‎; حُرُمًا ḥarāman‎; ḥuruman	الْحَرَامَ‎; الْحُرُمَ al-ḥarāma‎; al-ḥuruma	حَرَامًا‎; حُرُمًا ḥarāman‎; ḥuruman	الْحَرَامَ‎; الْحُرُمَ al-ḥarāma‎; al-ḥuruma
Genitive	حَرَامٍ‎; حُرُمٍ ḥarāmin‎; ḥurumin	الْحَرَامِ‎; الْحُرُمِ al-ḥarāmi‎; al-ḥurumi	حَرَامٍ‎; حُرُمٍ ḥarāmin‎; ḥurumin	الْحَرَامِ‎; الْحُرُمِ al-ḥarāmi‎; al-ḥurumi

Antonyms

• حَلَال (ḥalāl)

Descendants

• > South Levantine Arabic: حرام (inherited)
• > Maltese: (dated, literary) ħram (inherited)
• → Afar: caráamu
• → Azerbaijani: haram
• → Catalan: haram
• → Dutch: haram
• → English: haram
• → Finnish: haram
• → Hausa: haram
• → Malay: haram

  → Indonesian: haram

• → Ladino: haram
• → Portuguese: haram
• → Persian: حرام

  → Urdu: حرام

  • → Ushojo: حرام

• → Ottoman Turkish: حرام

  → Romanian: haram

  > Turkish: haram (inherited)

• → Swedish: haram
• → Tagalog: haram

Noun

حَرَام • (ḥarām) m

1. verbal noun of حَرِمَ (ḥarima) (form I)
2. verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)

   اِبْنُ حَرَامٍ ― ibnu ḥarāmin ― illegitimate son/child (bastard)

Declension

Declension of noun حَرَام (ḥarām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَرَام ḥarām	الْحَرَام al-ḥarām	حَرَام ḥarām
Nominative	حَرَامٌ ḥarāmun	الْحَرَامُ al-ḥarāmu	حَرَامُ ḥarāmu
Accusative	حَرَامًا ḥarāman	الْحَرَامَ al-ḥarāma	حَرَامَ ḥarāma
Genitive	حَرَامٍ ḥarāmin	الْحَرَامِ al-ḥarāmi	حَرَامِ ḥarāmi

Etymology 2

A modern coinage, having its name because of the resemblance to the إِحْرام (ʔiḥrām) of Mecca pilgrims.

Noun

حِرَام • (ḥirām) m (plural حِرَامَات (ḥirāmāt) or أَحْرِمَة (ʔaḥrima))

1. woolen blanket, cloak (worn as a garment)

Declension

Declension of noun حِرَام (ḥirām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِرَام ḥirām	الْحِرَام al-ḥirām	حِرَام ḥirām
Nominative	حِرَامٌ ḥirāmun	الْحِرَامُ al-ḥirāmu	حِرَامُ ḥirāmu
Accusative	حِرَامًا ḥirāman	الْحِرَامَ al-ḥirāma	حِرَامَ ḥirāma
Genitive	حِرَامٍ ḥirāmin	الْحِرَامِ al-ḥirāmi	حِرَامِ ḥirāmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِرَامَيْن ḥirāmayn	الْحِرَامَيْن al-ḥirāmayn	حِرَامَيْ ḥirāmay
Nominative	حِرَامَانِ ḥirāmāni	الْحِرَامَانِ al-ḥirāmāni	حِرَامَا ḥirāmā
Accusative	حِرَامَيْنِ ḥirāmayni	الْحِرَامَيْنِ al-ḥirāmayni	حِرَامَيْ ḥirāmay
Genitive	حِرَامَيْنِ ḥirāmayni	الْحِرَامَيْنِ al-ḥirāmayni	حِرَامَيْ ḥirāmay
Plural	sound feminine plural‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِرَامَات‎; أَحْرِمَة ḥirāmāt‎; ʔaḥrima	الْحِرَامَات‎; الْأَحْرِمَة al-ḥirāmāt‎; al-ʔaḥrima	حِرَامَات‎; أَحْرِمَة ḥirāmāt‎; ʔaḥrimat
Nominative	حِرَامَاتٌ‎; أَحْرِمَةٌ ḥirāmātun‎; ʔaḥrimatun	الْحِرَامَاتُ‎; الْأَحْرِمَةُ al-ḥirāmātu‎; al-ʔaḥrimatu	حِرَامَاتُ‎; أَحْرِمَةُ ḥirāmātu‎; ʔaḥrimatu
Accusative	حِرَامَاتٍ‎; أَحْرِمَةً ḥirāmātin‎; ʔaḥrimatan	الْحِرَامَاتِ‎; الْأَحْرِمَةَ al-ḥirāmāti‎; al-ʔaḥrimata	حِرَامَاتِ‎; أَحْرِمَةَ ḥirāmāti‎; ʔaḥrimata
Genitive	حِرَامَاتٍ‎; أَحْرِمَةٍ ḥirāmātin‎; ʔaḥrimatin	الْحِرَامَاتِ‎; الْأَحْرِمَةِ al-ḥirāmāti‎; al-ʔaḥrimati	حِرَامَاتِ‎; أَحْرِمَةِ ḥirāmāti‎; ʔaḥrimati

References

• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “حرام”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[1] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 250
• Worrell, William Hoyt (1935) “More about Arabic Terms for ”Rug””, in Ars Islamica, volume 2, number 1, →DOI, page 68

Persian

Alternative forms

• (Tehrani) حروم (harum)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ha.ˈɾɑːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hä.ɾɑ́ːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hä.ɾɑ́ːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾɑ́ːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾɔ́ːm]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæ.ɹɒ́ːm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæ.ɹɒ́ːm]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [hæ.ɹúːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hä.ɾɔ́m]

Readings
Classical reading?	harām
Dari reading?	harām
Iranian reading?	harâm
Tajik reading?	harom

Adjective

Dari	حرام
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҳаром

حرام • (harâm)

1. (Islam) haram
2. forbidden
3. illegitimate
4. poor thing (as a compassionate expression)

   Synonym: بی‌چاره

Antonyms

• حلال (halâl)

Derived terms

• حرام‌زاده (harâm-zâde)
• حرام‌زادگی (harâm-zâdegi)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ح ر م
5 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħa.raːm/, [ħaˈrˤɑːm]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Adjective

حرام • (ḥarām) (feminine حرام (ḥarām))

1. forbidden, unlawful

   Synonym: ممنوع (mamnūʕ)

2. sacred, holy

   Synonym: مقدس (muqaddas)

3. (Islam) haram

Antonyms

• حلال (ḥalāl)

Noun

حرام • (ḥarām) m

1. taboo, shame

See also

• حرّم (ḥarram, “to prohibit”)

Etymology 2

From Arabic إِحْرَام (ʔiḥrām).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħraːm/, [ħrˤɑːm]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

حرام • (ḥrām) m (plural حرامات (ḥrāmāt))

1. blanket

   Synonym: بطانية (baṭṭāniyye)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حَرَام (harām), from Arabic حرام (ḥarām)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɦə.ɾɑːm/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːm

Adjective

حرام • (harām) (Hindi spelling हराम)

1. forbidden
2. unlawful
3. (Islam) haram

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu حرام (harām).

Adjective

حرام (harām)

1. forbidden
2. unlawful
3. (Islam) haram