عبد

See also: ع ب د

Arabic

Root
ع ب د (ʕ b d)
9 terms

عَبْدٌ مَسِيحِيٌّ

Etymology 1.1

A Central Semitic innovation, cognate with Hebrew עֶבֶד (ʿéḇeḏ), Phoenician 𐤏𐤁𐤃 (ʿbd), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎁𐎄 (ʿbd), Classical Syriac ܥܒܕܐ (ʿaḇdā), Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩨𐩵 (ʿbd).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕabd/

Noun

عَبْد • (ʕabd) m (plural عَبِيد (ʕabīd) or عِبَاد (ʕibād) or عُبْدَان (ʕubdān) or أَعْبُد (ʔaʕbud), feminine أَمَة (ʔama))

1. a person who is under the ownership of another, a slave, a bondservant

   Synonyms: (dated) مَوْلَى (mawlā, “servant”), رَقِيق (raqīq, “slave”)

   Coordinate terms: (dated) مَوْلَى (mawlā, “overlord”), رَبّ (rabb, “lord”), سَيِّد (sayyid, “master”)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:32:

     وَأَنْكِحُوا ٱلْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ وَٱلصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَٱللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ

     waʔankiḥū l-ʔayāmā minkum waṣ-ṣāliḥīna min ʕibādikum waʔimāʔikum ʔin yakūnū fuqarāʔa yuḡnihimu l-lahu min faḍlihi wal-lahu wāsiʕun ʕalīmun

     And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves. If they should be poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty, and Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing

   • (Can we date this quote?), عَميرة بن جُعَل التَّغْلِبيّ, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     جَمَعْتُ رُدَيْنِيًّا كَأَنَّ سِنَانَهُ / سَنَا لَهَبٍ لَمْ يَسْتَعِنْ بِدُخَانِ
     لَيَالِيَ إِذْ أَنْتُمْ لِرَهْطِيَ أَعْبُدٌ / بِرَمَّانَ لَمَّا أَجْدَبَ ٱلحَرَمَانِ

     jamaʕtu rudayniyyan kaʔanna sinānahu / sanā lahabin lam yastaʕin biduḵāni
     layāliya ʔiḏ ʔantum lirahṭiya ʔaʕbudun / birammāna lammā ʔajdaba l-ḥaramāni

     I held up my Rudayni spear, its teeth like splendid, smokeless flames
     For nights, you were bondsmen for my troop, in Ramān, when the Sanctuaries dried.

   1. someone resembling, likened to, or related to a slave (as in status, worth, condition, and so on)
      • (Can we date this quote?), اَلْمُتَنَبِّيّ, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

        أَكُلَّمَا ٱغْتَالَ عَبْدُ السَّوْءِ سَيِّدَهُ / أَوْ خَانَهُ فَلَهُ فِي مِصْرَ تَمْهِيدُ
        صَارَ الْخَصِيُّ إِمَامَ الْآبِقِينَ بِهَا / فَٱلْحُرُّ مُسْتَعْبَدٌ وَٱلْعَبْدُ مَعْبُودُ
        نَامَتْ نَوَاطِيرُ مِصْرٍ عَنْ ثَعَالِبِهَا / فَقَدْ بَشِمْنَ وَمَا تَفْنَى العَنَاقِيدُ
        الْعَبْدُ لَيْسَ لِحُرٍّ صَالِحٍ بِأَخٍ / لَوْ أَنَّهُ فِي ثِيَابِ الْحُرِّ مَوْلُودُ
        لَا تَشْتَرِ الْعَبْدَ إِلَّا وَٱلْعَصَا مَعَهُ / إِنَّ الْعَبِيدَ لَأَنْجَاسٌ مَنَاكِيدُ
        مَا كُنْتُ أَحْسَبُنِي أَحْيَا إِلَى زَمَنٍ / يُسِيءُ بِي فِيهِ كَلْبٌ وَهْوَ مَحْمُودُ

        ʔakullamā ḡtāla ʕabdu s-sawʔi sayyidahu / ʔaw ḵānahu falahu fī miṣra tamhīdu
        ṣāra l-ḵaṣiyyu ʔimāma l-ʔābiqīna bihā / fal-ḥurru mustaʕbadun wal-ʕabdu maʕbūdu
        nāmat nawāṭīru miṣrin ʕan ṯaʕālibihā / faqad bašimna wamā tafnā l-ʕanāqīdu
        al-ʕabdu laysa liḥurrin ṣāliḥin biʔaḵin / law ʔannahu fī ṯiyābi l-ḥurri mawlūdu
        lā taštari l-ʕabda ʔillā wal-ʕaṣā maʕahu / ʔinna l-ʕabīda laʔanjāsun manākīdu
        mā kuntu ʔaḥsabunī ʔaḥyā ʔilā zamanin / yusīʔu bī fīhi kalbun wahwa maḥmūdu

        Can any fiendish slave who slew or stabbed his master find in Egypt refuge, there to be advanced?
        The Castrate King became the Chief of Runaways! The servants are revered; the freeman is disgraced!
        The Egyptian shepherds, they all are now asleep, and foxes roam, and all were drowsed with endless grapes!
        A freeman and a slave are neither peers nor brothers, though the slave may be in freemen's clothing raised.
        Never pay for any slave without the stick too: a slave, to noble men, is foul, and vile, and damned!
        I never thought that I would live and see a dog degrading me while he himself is hailed and praised!

2. (vulgar, ethnic slur, offensive, colloquial) term of abuse for a black person, equivalent to English nigger

Declension

Declension of noun عَبْد (ʕabd)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عَبْد ʕabd	الْعَبْد al-ʕabd	عَبْد ʕabd
nominative	عَبْدٌ ʕabdun	الْعَبْدُ al-ʕabdu	عَبْدُ ʕabdu
accusative	عَبْدًا ʕabdan	الْعَبْدَ al-ʕabda	عَبْدَ ʕabda
genitive	عَبْدٍ ʕabdin	الْعَبْدِ al-ʕabdi	عَبْدِ ʕabdi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عَبْدَيْن ʕabdayn	الْعَبْدَيْن al-ʕabdayn	عَبْدَيْ ʕabday
nominative	عَبْدَانِ ʕabdāni	الْعَبْدَانِ al-ʕabdāni	عَبْدَا ʕabdā
accusative	عَبْدَيْنِ ʕabdayni	الْعَبْدَيْنِ al-ʕabdayni	عَبْدَيْ ʕabday
genitive	عَبْدَيْنِ ʕabdayni	الْعَبْدَيْنِ al-ʕabdayni	عَبْدَيْ ʕabday
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عَبِيد‎; عُبْدَان‎; عِبَاد ʕabīd‎; ʕubdān‎; ʕibād	الْعَبِيد‎; الْعُبْدَان‎; الْعِبَاد al-ʕabīd‎; al-ʕubdān‎; al-ʕibād	عَبِيد‎; عُبْدَان‎; عِبَاد ʕabīd‎; ʕubdān‎; ʕibād
nominative	عَبِيدٌ‎; عُبْدَانٌ‎; عِبَادٌ ʕabīdun‎; ʕubdānun‎; ʕibādun	الْعَبِيدُ‎; الْعُبْدَانُ‎; الْعِبَادُ al-ʕabīdu‎; al-ʕubdānu‎; al-ʕibādu	عَبِيدُ‎; عُبْدَانُ‎; عِبَادُ ʕabīdu‎; ʕubdānu‎; ʕibādu
accusative	عَبِيدًا‎; عُبْدَانًا‎; عِبَادًا ʕabīdan‎; ʕubdānan‎; ʕibādan	الْعَبِيدَ‎; الْعُبْدَانَ‎; الْعِبَادَ al-ʕabīda‎; al-ʕubdāna‎; al-ʕibāda	عَبِيدَ‎; عُبْدَانَ‎; عِبَادَ ʕabīda‎; ʕubdāna‎; ʕibāda
genitive	عَبِيدٍ‎; عُبْدَانٍ‎; عِبَادٍ ʕabīdin‎; ʕubdānin‎; ʕibādin	الْعَبِيدِ‎; الْعُبْدَانِ‎; الْعِبَادِ al-ʕabīdi‎; al-ʕubdāni‎; al-ʕibādi	عَبِيدِ‎; عُبْدَانِ‎; عِبَادِ ʕabīdi‎; ʕubdāni‎; ʕibādi

Derived terms

• عَبْد الرَّحْمٰن (ʕabd ar-raḥmān)
• عَبْد اللَّٰه (ʕabd allāh)
• عَبْد النَّاصِر (ʕabd an-nāṣir)

Descendants

• Libyan Arabic: عبد (ʕabəd)
• Maltese: għabd (obsolete, chiefly in names), għabid (obsolete, from the plural عَبِيد (ʕabīd))
• South Levantine Arabic: عبد (ʕabad)
• → English: abid
• → Malay: abdi, abid
  • Indonesian: abdi, abid
• → Maranao: abdo
• → Ottoman Turkish: عبد (abd)
  • Turkish: abit
• → Persian: عبد ('abd)
• → Sundanese: abdi
• → Tajik: абд (abd)

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.ba.da/

Verb

عَبَدَ • (ʕabada) I (non-past يَعْبُدُ (yaʕbudu), verbal noun عِبَادَة (ʕibāda) or عُبُودَة (ʕubūda) or عُبُودِيَّة (ʕubūdiyya))

1. to worship, to serve, to be devoted to; to venerate or adore in a subservient manner
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 1:5:

     إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ

     ʔiyyāka naʕbudu waʔiyyāka nastaʕīnu

     You alone do we worship, and from You alone do we seek help.

Conjugation

Conjugation of عَبَدَ (I, sound, a ~ u, full passive, verbal nouns عِبَادَة, عُبُودَة, عُبُودِيَّة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						عِبَادَة, عُبُودَة, عُبُودِيَّة ʕibāda, ʕubūda, ʕubūdiyya
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						عَابِد ʕābid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَعْبُود maʕbūd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَبَدْتُ ʕabadtu	عَبَدْتَ ʕabadta	عَبَدَ ʕabada		عَبَدْتُمَا ʕabadtumā	عَبَدَا ʕabadā		عَبَدْنَا ʕabadnā	عَبَدْتُمْ ʕabadtum	عَبَدُوا ʕabadū
	f		عَبَدْتِ ʕabadti	عَبَدَتْ ʕabadat			عَبَدَتَا ʕabadatā			عَبَدْتُنَّ ʕabadtunna	عَبَدْنَ ʕabadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْبُدُ ʔaʕbudu	تَعْبُدُ taʕbudu	يَعْبُدُ yaʕbudu		تَعْبُدَانِ taʕbudāni	يَعْبُدَانِ yaʕbudāni		نَعْبُدُ naʕbudu	تَعْبُدُونَ taʕbudūna	يَعْبُدُونَ yaʕbudūna
	f		تَعْبُدِينَ taʕbudīna	تَعْبُدُ taʕbudu			تَعْبُدَانِ taʕbudāni			تَعْبُدْنَ taʕbudna	يَعْبُدْنَ yaʕbudna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْبُدَ ʔaʕbuda	تَعْبُدَ taʕbuda	يَعْبُدَ yaʕbuda		تَعْبُدَا taʕbudā	يَعْبُدَا yaʕbudā		نَعْبُدَ naʕbuda	تَعْبُدُوا taʕbudū	يَعْبُدُوا yaʕbudū
	f		تَعْبُدِي taʕbudī	تَعْبُدَ taʕbuda			تَعْبُدَا taʕbudā			تَعْبُدْنَ taʕbudna	يَعْبُدْنَ yaʕbudna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْبُدْ ʔaʕbud	تَعْبُدْ taʕbud	يَعْبُدْ yaʕbud		تَعْبُدَا taʕbudā	يَعْبُدَا yaʕbudā		نَعْبُدْ naʕbud	تَعْبُدُوا taʕbudū	يَعْبُدُوا yaʕbudū
	f		تَعْبُدِي taʕbudī	تَعْبُدْ taʕbud			تَعْبُدَا taʕbudā			تَعْبُدْنَ taʕbudna	يَعْبُدْنَ yaʕbudna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُعْبُدْ uʕbud			اُعْبُدَا uʕbudā				اُعْبُدُوا uʕbudū
	f		اُعْبُدِي uʕbudī							اُعْبُدْنَ uʕbudna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُبِدْتُ ʕubidtu	عُبِدْتَ ʕubidta	عُبِدَ ʕubida		عُبِدْتُمَا ʕubidtumā	عُبِدَا ʕubidā		عُبِدْنَا ʕubidnā	عُبِدْتُمْ ʕubidtum	عُبِدُوا ʕubidū
	f		عُبِدْتِ ʕubidti	عُبِدَتْ ʕubidat			عُبِدَتَا ʕubidatā			عُبِدْتُنَّ ʕubidtunna	عُبِدْنَ ʕubidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعْبَدُ ʔuʕbadu	تُعْبَدُ tuʕbadu	يُعْبَدُ yuʕbadu		تُعْبَدَانِ tuʕbadāni	يُعْبَدَانِ yuʕbadāni		نُعْبَدُ nuʕbadu	تُعْبَدُونَ tuʕbadūna	يُعْبَدُونَ yuʕbadūna
	f		تُعْبَدِينَ tuʕbadīna	تُعْبَدُ tuʕbadu			تُعْبَدَانِ tuʕbadāni			تُعْبَدْنَ tuʕbadna	يُعْبَدْنَ yuʕbadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعْبَدَ ʔuʕbada	تُعْبَدَ tuʕbada	يُعْبَدَ yuʕbada		تُعْبَدَا tuʕbadā	يُعْبَدَا yuʕbadā		نُعْبَدَ nuʕbada	تُعْبَدُوا tuʕbadū	يُعْبَدُوا yuʕbadū
	f		تُعْبَدِي tuʕbadī	تُعْبَدَ tuʕbada			تُعْبَدَا tuʕbadā			تُعْبَدْنَ tuʕbadna	يُعْبَدْنَ yuʕbadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعْبَدْ ʔuʕbad	تُعْبَدْ tuʕbad	يُعْبَدْ yuʕbad		تُعْبَدَا tuʕbadā	يُعْبَدَا yuʕbadā		نُعْبَدْ nuʕbad	تُعْبَدُوا tuʕbadū	يُعْبَدُوا yuʕbadū
	f		تُعْبَدِي tuʕbadī	تُعْبَدْ tuʕbad			تُعْبَدَا tuʕbadā			تُعْبَدْنَ tuʕbadna	يُعْبَدْنَ yuʕbadna

Descendants

• Maltese: għabad (obsolete)
• → Swahili: abudu

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕab.ba.da/

Verb

عَبَّدَ • (ʕabbada) II (non-past يُعَبِّدُ (yuʕabbidu), verbal noun تَعْبِيد (taʕbīd))

1. to enslave, to subjugate, to subject
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:22:

     وَتِلۡكَ نِعۡمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَىَّ أَنۡ عَبَّدتَّ بَنِىٓ إِسۡرَآءِيلَ

     "Watil'ka niʼ'matun tamunnuhā ʼalayya an abbadtta banī is'rāīla"

     "How can that be a ‘favour,’ of which you remind me, when ˹it was only because˺ you ˹have˺ enslaved the Children of Israel?”"

Conjugation

Conjugation of عَبَّدَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَعْبِيد)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَعْبِيد taʕbīd
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُعَبِّد muʕabbid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُعَبَّد muʕabbad
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَبَّدْتُ ʕabbadtu	عَبَّدْتَ ʕabbadta	عَبَّدَ ʕabbada		عَبَّدْتُمَا ʕabbadtumā	عَبَّدَا ʕabbadā		عَبَّدْنَا ʕabbadnā	عَبَّدْتُمْ ʕabbadtum	عَبَّدُوا ʕabbadū
	f		عَبَّدْتِ ʕabbadti	عَبَّدَتْ ʕabbadat			عَبَّدَتَا ʕabbadatā			عَبَّدْتُنَّ ʕabbadtunna	عَبَّدْنَ ʕabbadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَبِّدُ ʔuʕabbidu	تُعَبِّدُ tuʕabbidu	يُعَبِّدُ yuʕabbidu		تُعَبِّدَانِ tuʕabbidāni	يُعَبِّدَانِ yuʕabbidāni		نُعَبِّدُ nuʕabbidu	تُعَبِّدُونَ tuʕabbidūna	يُعَبِّدُونَ yuʕabbidūna
	f		تُعَبِّدِينَ tuʕabbidīna	تُعَبِّدُ tuʕabbidu			تُعَبِّدَانِ tuʕabbidāni			تُعَبِّدْنَ tuʕabbidna	يُعَبِّدْنَ yuʕabbidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَبِّدَ ʔuʕabbida	تُعَبِّدَ tuʕabbida	يُعَبِّدَ yuʕabbida		تُعَبِّدَا tuʕabbidā	يُعَبِّدَا yuʕabbidā		نُعَبِّدَ nuʕabbida	تُعَبِّدُوا tuʕabbidū	يُعَبِّدُوا yuʕabbidū
	f		تُعَبِّدِي tuʕabbidī	تُعَبِّدَ tuʕabbida			تُعَبِّدَا tuʕabbidā			تُعَبِّدْنَ tuʕabbidna	يُعَبِّدْنَ yuʕabbidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَبِّدْ ʔuʕabbid	تُعَبِّدْ tuʕabbid	يُعَبِّدْ yuʕabbid		تُعَبِّدَا tuʕabbidā	يُعَبِّدَا yuʕabbidā		نُعَبِّدْ nuʕabbid	تُعَبِّدُوا tuʕabbidū	يُعَبِّدُوا yuʕabbidū
	f		تُعَبِّدِي tuʕabbidī	تُعَبِّدْ tuʕabbid			تُعَبِّدَا tuʕabbidā			تُعَبِّدْنَ tuʕabbidna	يُعَبِّدْنَ yuʕabbidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عَبِّدْ ʕabbid			عَبِّدَا ʕabbidā				عَبِّدُوا ʕabbidū
	f		عَبِّدِي ʕabbidī							عَبِّدْنَ ʕabbidna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُبِّدْتُ ʕubbidtu	عُبِّدْتَ ʕubbidta	عُبِّدَ ʕubbida		عُبِّدْتُمَا ʕubbidtumā	عُبِّدَا ʕubbidā		عُبِّدْنَا ʕubbidnā	عُبِّدْتُمْ ʕubbidtum	عُبِّدُوا ʕubbidū
	f		عُبِّدْتِ ʕubbidti	عُبِّدَتْ ʕubbidat			عُبِّدَتَا ʕubbidatā			عُبِّدْتُنَّ ʕubbidtunna	عُبِّدْنَ ʕubbidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَبَّدُ ʔuʕabbadu	تُعَبَّدُ tuʕabbadu	يُعَبَّدُ yuʕabbadu		تُعَبَّدَانِ tuʕabbadāni	يُعَبَّدَانِ yuʕabbadāni		نُعَبَّدُ nuʕabbadu	تُعَبَّدُونَ tuʕabbadūna	يُعَبَّدُونَ yuʕabbadūna
	f		تُعَبَّدِينَ tuʕabbadīna	تُعَبَّدُ tuʕabbadu			تُعَبَّدَانِ tuʕabbadāni			تُعَبَّدْنَ tuʕabbadna	يُعَبَّدْنَ yuʕabbadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَبَّدَ ʔuʕabbada	تُعَبَّدَ tuʕabbada	يُعَبَّدَ yuʕabbada		تُعَبَّدَا tuʕabbadā	يُعَبَّدَا yuʕabbadā		نُعَبَّدَ nuʕabbada	تُعَبَّدُوا tuʕabbadū	يُعَبَّدُوا yuʕabbadū
	f		تُعَبَّدِي tuʕabbadī	تُعَبَّدَ tuʕabbada			تُعَبَّدَا tuʕabbadā			تُعَبَّدْنَ tuʕabbadna	يُعَبَّدْنَ yuʕabbadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَبَّدْ ʔuʕabbad	تُعَبَّدْ tuʕabbad	يُعَبَّدْ yuʕabbad		تُعَبَّدَا tuʕabbadā	يُعَبَّدَا yuʕabbadā		نُعَبَّدْ nuʕabbad	تُعَبَّدُوا tuʕabbadū	يُعَبَّدُوا yuʕabbadū
	f		تُعَبَّدِي tuʕabbadī	تُعَبَّدْ tuʕabbad			تُعَبَّدَا tuʕabbadā			تُعَبَّدْنَ tuʕabbadna	يُعَبَّدْنَ yuʕabbadna

Descendants

• → Swahili: abada

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “عبد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Chadian Arabic

Root
ع ب د
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd).

Noun

عبد • (ʔabid) m (plural عبيد (ʔabīd))

1. slave

Etymology 2

From Arabic عَبَدَ (ʕabada).

Verb

عبد • (ʔabad) I (non-past يعبد (yaʔabud, yaʔabid))

1. to worship (god), to adore

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَبَّدَ (ʕabbada).

Verb

عبد • (ʔabbad) II (non-past يعبد (yiʔabbid))

1. to enslave

References

• Heath, Judith; Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021), Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎^[1] (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 1
• Pommerol, Patrice Jullien de (1999), Dictionnaire Arabe Tchadien-Français (in French), Éditions Karthala, →ISBN, page 24,25,32

Libyan Arabic

Root
ع ب د
1 term

Noun

عبد (ʕabd) m (plural عبيد (ʕbīd) or عبدّة (ʕbədda))

1. slave

Noun

عبد (ʕabd) m (plural عبيد (ʕbīd))

1. (derogatory, ethnic slur) black man

Verb

عبد (ʕbad) I

1. to worship

Malay

Proper noun

عبد

1. Jawi spelling of Abdul.‎

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔabd/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäbd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäbd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäbd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäbd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæbd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäbd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	abd
Dari reading?	abd
Iranian reading?	abd
Tajik reading?	abd

Noun

Dari	عبد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	абд

عَبْد • ('abd) (plural عباد)

1. slave
2. servant

Synonyms

• بَنْدِه (bande)
• غُلام (ġolâm)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ب د
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَبَدَ (ʕabada).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.bad/, [ˈʕa.bad]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

عبد • (ʕabad) I (present بعبد (boʕbod))

1. to worship

Conjugation

Conjugation of عبد

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عبدت (ʕabadt)	عبدت (ʕabadt)	عبد (ʕabad)		عبدنا (ʕabadna)	عبدتو (ʕabadtu)	عبدو (ʕabadu)
	f		عبدتي (ʕabadti)	عبدت (ʕabdat)
present	m	بعبد (baʕbod)	بتعبد (btoʕbod)	بعبد (boʕbod)		منعبد (mnoʕbod)	بتعبدو (btoʕbodu)	بعبدو (boʕbodu)
	f		بتعبدي (btoʕbodi)	بتعبد (btoʕbod)
subjunctive	m	أعبد (ʔaʕbod)	تعبد (toʕbod)	يعبد (yoʕbod)		نعبد (noʕbod)	تعبدو (toʕbodu)	يعبدو (yoʕbodu)
	f		تعبدي (toʕbodi)	تعبد (toʕbod)
imperative	m		اعبد (oʕbod)				اعبدو (oʕbodu)
	f		اعبدي (oʕbodi)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Arabic عَبَّدَ (ʕabbada).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕab.bad/, [ˈʕab.bad]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

عبّد • (ʕabbad) II (present بعبّد (biʕabbed))

1. to pave

   Synonym: زفّت (zaffat)

Conjugation

Conjugation of عبد

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عبّدت (ʕabbadt)	عبّدت (ʕabbadt)	عبّد (ʕabbad)		عبّدنا (ʕabbadna)	عبّدتو (ʕabbadtu)	عبّدو (ʕabbadu)
	f		عبّدتي (ʕabbadti)	عبّدت (ʕabbadat)
present	m	بعبّد (baʕabbid)	بتعبّد (bitʕabbid)	بعبّد (biʕabbid)		منعبّد (minʕabbid)	بتعبّدو (bitʕabbdu)	بعبّدو (biʕabbdu)
	f		بتعبّدي (bitʕabbdi)	بتعبّد (bitʕabbid)
subjunctive	m	اعبّد (aʕabbid)	تعبّد (tʕabbid)	يعبّد (yʕabbid)		نعبّد (nʕabbid)	تعبّدو (tʕabbdu)	يعبّدو (yʕabbdu)
	f		تعبّدي (tʕabbdi)	تعبّد (tʕabbid)
imperative	m		عبّد (ʕabbid)				عبّدو (ʕabbdu)
	f		عبّدي (ʕabbdi)