نظام

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ن ظ م‎ (n-ẓ-m).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ni.ðˤaːm/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

نِظَام • (niẓām) m (plural نُظُم‎ (nuẓum) or أَنْظِمَة‎ (ʔanẓima))

1. system
2. regularity
3. order
4. method
5. rule
6. (politics) regime: perhaps short for نِظَام الْحُكْم‎ (niẓām al-ḥukm, “system of rule”)

Declension

Declension of noun نِظَام (niẓām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نِظَام niẓām	النِّظَام‎ an-niẓām	نِظَام niẓām
Nominative	نِظَامٌ niẓāmun	النِّظَامُ‎ an-niẓāmu	نِظَامُ niẓāmu
Accusative	نِظَامًا‎ niẓāman	النِّظَامَ‎ an-niẓāma	نِظَامَ niẓāma
Genitive	نِظَامٍ niẓāmin	النِّظَامِ‎ an-niẓāmi	نِظَامِ niẓāmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نِظَامَيْن‎ niẓāmayn	النِّظَامَيْن‎ an-niẓāmayn	نِظَامَيْ‎ niẓāmay
Nominative	نِظَامَانِ‎ niẓāmāni	النِّظَامَانِ‎ an-niẓāmāni	نِظَامَا‎ niẓāmā
Accusative	نِظَامَيْنِ‎ niẓāmayni	النِّظَامَيْنِ‎ an-niẓāmayni	نِظَامَيْ‎ niẓāmay
Genitive	نِظَامَيْنِ‎ niẓāmayni	النِّظَامَيْنِ‎ an-niẓāmayni	نِظَامَيْ‎ niẓāmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نُظُم‎‎; أَنْظِمَة‎ nuẓum‎; ʔanẓima	النُّظُم‎‎; الْأَنْظِمَة‎ an-nuẓum‎; al-ʔanẓima	نُظُم‎‎; أَنْظِمَة‎ nuẓum‎; ʔanẓimat
Nominative	نُظُمٌ‎‎; أَنْظِمَةٌ‎ nuẓumun‎; ʔanẓimatun	النُّظُمُ‎‎; الْأَنْظِمَةُ‎ an-nuẓumu‎; al-ʔanẓimatu	نُظُمُ‎‎; أَنْظِمَةُ‎ nuẓumu‎; ʔanẓimatu
Accusative	نُظُمًا‎‎; أَنْظِمَةً‎ nuẓuman‎; ʔanẓimatan	النُّظُمَ‎‎; الْأَنْظِمَةَ‎ an-nuẓuma‎; al-ʔanẓimata	نُظُمَ‎‎; أَنْظِمَةَ‎ nuẓuma‎; ʔanẓimata
Genitive	نُظُمٍ‎‎; أَنْظِمَةٍ‎ nuẓumin‎; ʔanẓimatin	النُّظُمِ‎‎; الْأَنْظِمَةِ‎ an-nuẓumi‎; al-ʔanẓimati	نُظُمِ‎‎; أَنْظِمَةِ‎ nuẓumi‎; ʔanẓimati

Derived terms

• نِظَام صَوْتِيّ‎ (niẓām ṣawtiyy)
• نِظَامِيّ‎ (niẓāmiyy)

 

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: نظام‎ (nizam)
  • Turkish: nizam
• → Persian: نظام‎ (nezâm)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “نظم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic نِظَام‎ (niẓām).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ni.zɑːm]

 

• (Dari, formal/KBL) IPA^(key): [nɪ.zɑːm]

• (Dari, formal/KBL) IPA^(key): [nɪ.zɑːm]
  • (Hazaragi/approx.) IPA^(key): [ni.zɔːm]

• (Iran, formal/TEH) IPA^(key): [ne.zɒːm]

• (Tajik, formal/DUS) IPA^(key): [ni.zɔm]

• Phonetic Persian:

Traditional: [نِزام]‎

Iranian: [نِزام]‎

Readings
Classical reading?	nizām
Dari reading?	nizām
Iranian reading?	nezâm
Tajik reading?	nizom

Noun

نظام • (nezâm)

1. system
2. order
3. military

Related terms

• نظامی‎ (nezâmi)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نظام‎ (nizām), from Arabic نِظَام‎ (niẓām).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /nɪ.zɑːm/
• Rhymes: -ɑːm
• Hyphenation: نِ‧ظام

Noun

نِظام • (nizām) m (Hindi spelling निज़ाम)

1. system, order
2. institution, foundation (network)

Related terms

• نظامت‎ (nizāmat)
• نظم‎ (nazm)
• نظمی‎ (nazmī)

References

• “نظام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “نظام”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.