अधर्म

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अधर्म (adharma), equivalent to अ- (a-) +‎ धर्म (dharm).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ə.d̪ʱəɾm/, [ɐ.d̪ʱɐɾm]

• Audio (Delhi):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əɾm

Adjective

अधर्म • (adharm) (indeclinable)

1. irreligious, impious; sinful
2. wicked
3. not dutiful

Adverb

अधर्म • (adharm)

1. impiously
2. wickedly

Noun

अधर्म • (adharm) m (Urdu spelling ادھرم)

1. irreligion, impiety
2. vice
3. sin, crime; injustice

Declension

Declension of अधर्म (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अधर्म adharm	अधर्म adharm
oblique	अधर्म adharm	अधर्मों adharmõ
vocative	अधर्म adharm	अधर्मो adharmo

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “अधर्म”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 168
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “अधर्म”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 19
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “अधर्म”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 25

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘀𑘠𑘨𑘿𑘦 (adharma), from Sanskrit अधर्म (adharma). By surface analysis, अ- (a-) +‎ धर्म (dharma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə.d̪ʱəɾ.mə/

Adjective

अधर्म • (adharma)

1. irreligious, impious; sinful
2. not dutiful

Noun

अधर्म • (adharma) m

1. unrighteousness
2. irreligion, impiety
3. sin

   Synonym: पाप (pāp)

Declension

Declension of अधर्म (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	अधर्म adharma
direct plural	अधर्म adharma
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	अधर्म adharma		अधर्म adharma
oblique सामान्यरूप	अधर्मा adharmā		अधर्मां- adharmān-
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	अधर्माला adharmālā		अधर्मांना adharmānnā
ergative	अधर्माने, अधर्मानं adharmāne, adharmāna		अधर्मांनी adharmānnī
instrumental	अधर्माशी adharmāśī		अधर्मांशी adharmānśī
locative सप्तमी	अधर्मात adharmāt		अधर्मांत adharmāt
vocative संबोधन	अधर्मा adharmā		अधर्मांनो adharmānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of अधर्म (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	अधर्माचा adharmāċā	अधर्माचे adharmāċe	अधर्माची adharmācī	अधर्माच्या adharmācā	अधर्माचे, अधर्माचं adharmāċe, adharmāċa	अधर्माची adharmācī	अधर्माच्या adharmācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	अधर्मांचा adharmānċā	अधर्मांचे adharmānċe	अधर्मांची adharmāñcī	अधर्मांच्या adharmāncā	अधर्मांचे, अधर्मांचं adharmānċe, adharmānċa	अधर्मांची adharmāñcī	अधर्मांच्या adharmāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “अधर्म”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “अधर्म”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• অধৰ্ম (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬥᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
• অধর্ম (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰠𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀥𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• အဓရ်္မ (Burmese script)
• અધર્મ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਧਰ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌧𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦣꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂡𑂩𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಧರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
• អធម៌ (Khmer script)
• ອຘຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
• അധര്മ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᢡᠠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘠𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢑᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧀𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐢𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଅଧର୍ମ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢤꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆣𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖠𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
• අධර්‍ම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩮𑩼 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚜𑚤𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
• அத⁴ர்ம (Tamil script)
• అధర్మ (Telugu script)
• อธรฺม (Thai script)
• ཨ་དྷ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒡𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨜𑨫𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

अ- (a-) +‎ धर्म (dharma)

Noun

अध॑र्म • (ádharma) stem, m

1. unrighteousness, wickedness, demerit, guilt, injustice, sin, irreligion

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अधर्म

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अधर्मः (adharmaḥ)	अधर्मौ (adharmau) अधर्मा¹ (adharmā¹)	अधर्माः (adharmāḥ) अधर्मासः¹ (adharmāsaḥ¹)
accusative	अधर्मम् (adharmam)	अधर्मौ (adharmau) अधर्मा¹ (adharmā¹)	अधर्मान् (adharmān)
instrumental	अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa)	अधर्माभ्याम् (adharmābhyām)	अधर्मैः (adharmaiḥ) अधर्मेभिः¹ (adharmebhiḥ¹)
dative	अधर्माय (adharmāya)	अधर्माभ्याम् (adharmābhyām)	अधर्मेभ्यः (adharmebhyaḥ)
ablative	अधर्मात् (adharmāt)	अधर्माभ्याम् (adharmābhyām)	अधर्मेभ्यः (adharmebhyaḥ)
genitive	अधर्मस्य (adharmasya)	अधर्मयोः (adharmayoḥ)	अधर्माणाम् (adharmāṇām)
locative	अधर्मे (adharme)	अधर्मयोः (adharmayoḥ)	अधर्मेषु (adharmeṣu)
vocative	अधर्म (adharma)	अधर्मौ (adharmau) अधर्मा¹ (adharmā¹)	अधर्माः (adharmāḥ) अधर्मासः¹ (adharmāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Synonyms

• दोष (doṣa), पाप (pāpa) (sin)

Descendants

• → Lao: ອະທຳ (ʼa tham)
• → Thai: อธรรม

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “अधर्म”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 20, column 1.