आयु

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आयु (āyu).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɑː.juː/, [äː.juː]

Noun

आयु • (āyu) f (Urdu spelling آیو)

1. age
2. lifetime
3. duration or period of life

   वह आयु में बूढ़ा नहीं है। ― vah āyu mẽ būṛhā nahī̃ hai. ― He is not old in age.

Declension

Declension of आयु (fem u-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	आयु āyu	आयुएँ āyuẽ
oblique	आयु āyu	आयुओं āyuõ
vocative	आयु āyu	आयुओ āyuo

Synonyms

• उम्र (umra)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “आयु”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “आयु”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• আয়ু (Assamese script)
• ᬆᬬᬸ (Balinese script)
• আয়ু (Bengali script)
• 𑰁𑰧𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀆𑀬𑀼 (Brahmi script)
• အာယု (Burmese script)
• આયુ (Gujarati script)
• ਆਯੁ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌆𑌯𑍁 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦴꦪꦸ (Javanese script)
• 𑂄𑂨𑂳 (Kaithi script)
• ಆಯು (Kannada script)
• អាយុ (Khmer script)
• ອາຍຸ (Lao script)
• ആയു (Malayalam script)
• ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠶᡠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘁𑘧𑘳 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢗᠶ᠋ᠤ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦡𑧇𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐁𑐫𑐸 (Newa script)
• ଆଯୁ (Odia script)
• ꢃꢫꢸ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆄𑆪𑆶 (Sharada script)
• 𑖁𑖧𑖲 (Siddham script)
• ආයු (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩛𑩻𑩒 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚁𑚣𑚰 (Takri script)
• ஆயு (Tamil script)
• ఆయు (Telugu script)
• อายุ (Thai script)
• ཨཱ་ཡུ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒂𑒨𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨊𑨪𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hā́yu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́yu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu (“long time, lifetime”). Cognate with Latin aevum (whence English age), Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn) (whence English eon), Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬏 (āiiū, “lifetime, life”), Old English ā. The meaning "moveable" probably influenced by the root इ (i, “to go”). See also आयुस् (ā́yus).

Pronunciation 1

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑ́ː.ju/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑː.ju/

Noun

आयु॑ • (ā́yu) stem, n

1. duration of life, lifetime, long life
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.3.7:

     अग्ने जरस्व स्वपत्य आयुन्यूर्जा पिन्वस्व समिषो दिदीहि नः।
     वयांसि जिन्व बृहतश्च जागृव उशिग्देवानामसि सुक्रतुर्विपाम्॥

     agne jarasva svapatya āyunyūrjā pinvasva samiṣo didīhi naḥ.
     vayāṃsi jinva bṛhataśca jāgṛva uśigdevānāmasi sukraturvipām.

     Sing, Agni, for long life to us and noble sons: teem thou with plenty, shine upon us store of food.
     Increase the great man's strength, thou ever-vigilant: thou, longing for the Gods, knowest their hymns full well.

Declension

Neuter u-stem declension of आयु॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आयु॑ (ā́yu)	आयु॑नी (ā́yunī) आय्वी॑¹ (ā́yvī¹)	आयू॑नि (ā́yūni) आयु॑¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू॑¹ (ā́yū¹)
accusative	आयु॑ (ā́yu)	आयु॑नी (ā́yunī) आय्वी॑¹ (ā́yvī¹)	आयू॑नि (ā́yūni) आयु॑¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू॑¹ (ā́yū¹)
instrumental	आयु॑ना (ā́yunā) आय्वा॑¹ (ā́yvā¹)	आयु॑भ्याम् (ā́yubhyām)	आयु॑भिः (ā́yubhiḥ)
dative	आयु॑ने (ā́yune) आय॑वे¹ (ā́yave¹) आय्वे॑¹ (ā́yve¹)	आयु॑भ्याम् (ā́yubhyām)	आयु॑भ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ)
ablative	आयु॑नः (ā́yunaḥ) आयोः॑¹ (ā́yoḥ¹) आय्वः॑¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹)	आयु॑भ्याम् (ā́yubhyām)	आयु॑भ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ)
genitive	आयु॑नः (ā́yunaḥ) आयोः॑¹ (ā́yoḥ¹) आय्वः॑¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹)	आयु॑नोः (ā́yunoḥ) आय्वोः॑¹ (ā́yvoḥ¹)	आयू॑नाम् (ā́yūnām)
locative	आयु॑नि (ā́yuni) आयौ॑¹ (ā́yau¹)	आयु॑नोः (ā́yunoḥ) आय्वोः॑¹ (ā́yvoḥ¹)	आयु॑षु (ā́yuṣu)
vocative	आयु॑ (ā́yu) आयो॑ (ā́yo)	आयु॑नी (ā́yunī) आय्वी॑¹ (ā́yvī¹)	आयू॑नि (ā́yūni) आयु॑¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू॑¹ (ā́yū¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: āyu
  • → Khmer: អាយុ (ʼaayuʼ)
  • → Lao: ອາຍຸ (ʼ)
  • → Thai: อายุ (aa-yú)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀆𑀉 (āu)
  • Old Hindi: आउ (āu)
• → Assamese: আয়ু (ayu)
• → Bengali: আয়ু (aẏu)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: आयु (āyu)
  • Urdu: آیو (āyu)
• → Maithili: आयु (āyʉ)
• → Marathi: आयु (āyu)
• → Nepali: आयु (āyu)
• → Telugu: ఆయువు (āyuvu)
• → Tamil: ஆயுள் (āyuḷ)

Pronunciation 2

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑː.jú/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑː.ju/

Adjective

आ॒यु • (āyú) stem

1. living, alive
2. going, moveable

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of आ॒यु

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒युः (āyúḥ)	आ॒यू (āyū́)	आ॒यवः॑ (āyávaḥ)
accusative	आ॒युम् (āyúm)	आ॒यू (āyū́)	आ॒यून् (āyū́n)
instrumental	आ॒युना॑ (āyúnā) आ॒य्वा¹ (āyvā́¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभिः॑ (āyúbhiḥ)
dative	आ॒यवे॑ (āyáve) आ॒य्वे¹ (āyvé¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹)	आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ)	आ॒यू॒नाम् (āyūnā́m)
locative	आ॒यौ (āyáu)	आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ)	आ॒युषु॑ (āyúṣu)
vocative	आयो॑ (ā́yo)	आयू॑ (ā́yū)	आय॑वः (ā́yavaḥ)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine u-stem declension of आ॒यु

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒युः (āyúḥ)	आ॒यू (āyū́)	आ॒यवः॑ (āyávaḥ)
accusative	आ॒युम् (āyúm)	आ॒यू (āyū́)	आ॒यूः (āyū́ḥ)
instrumental	आ॒य्वा (āyvā́)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभिः॑ (āyúbhiḥ)
dative	आ॒यवे॑ (āyáve) आ॒य्वै (āyvái)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वाः (āyvā́ḥ) आ॒य्वै¹ (āyvái¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वाः (āyvā́ḥ) आ॒य्वै¹ (āyvái¹)	आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ)	आ॒यू॒नाम् (āyūnā́m)
locative	आ॒यौ (āyáu) आ॒य्वाम् (āyvā́m)	आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ)	आ॒युषु॑ (āyúṣu)
vocative	आयो॑ (ā́yo)	आयू॑ (ā́yū)	आय॑वः (ā́yavaḥ)

• ¹Brāhmaṇas

Neuter u-stem declension of आ॒यु

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒यु (āyú)	आ॒युनी॑ (āyúnī) आ॒य्वी¹ (āyvī́¹)	आ॒यूनि॑ (āyū́ni) आ॒यु¹ (āyú¹) आ॒यू¹ (āyū́¹)
accusative	आ॒यु (āyú)	आ॒युनी॑ (āyúnī) आ॒य्वी¹ (āyvī́¹)	आ॒यूनि॑ (āyū́ni) आ॒यु¹ (āyú¹) आ॒यू¹ (āyū́¹)
instrumental	आ॒युना॑ (āyúnā) आ॒य्वा¹ (āyvā́¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभिः॑ (āyúbhiḥ)
dative	आ॒युने॑ (āyúne) आ॒यवे॑ (āyáve) आ॒य्वे¹ (āyvé¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒युनः॑ (āyúnaḥ) आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒युनः॑ (āyúnaḥ) आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹)	आ॒युनोः॑ (āyúnoḥ) आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ)	आ॒यू॒नाम् (āyūnā́m)
locative	आ॒युनि॑ (āyúni) आ॒यौ (āyáu)	आ॒युनोः॑ (āyúnoḥ) आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ)	आ॒युषु॑ (āyúṣu)
vocative	आयु॑ (ā́yu) आयो॑ (ā́yo)	आयु॑नी (ā́yunī) आय्वी॑¹ (ā́yvī¹)	आयू॑नि (ā́yūni) आयु॑¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू॑¹ (ā́yū¹)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

आ॒यु • (āyú) stem, m

1. man, a living being
2. mankind, human race
3. son, descendant, offspring
4. family, lineage
5. a divine personification presiding over life

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of आ॒यु

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒युः (āyúḥ)	आ॒यू (āyū́)	आ॒यवः॑ (āyávaḥ)
accusative	आ॒युम् (āyúm)	आ॒यू (āyū́)	आ॒यून् (āyū́n)
instrumental	आ॒युना॑ (āyúnā) आ॒य्वा¹ (āyvā́¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभिः॑ (āyúbhiḥ)
dative	आ॒यवे॑ (āyáve) आ॒य्वे¹ (āyvé¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹)	आ॒युभ्या॑म् (āyúbhyām)	आ॒युभ्यः॑ (āyúbhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒योः (āyóḥ) आ॒य्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹)	आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ)	आ॒यू॒नाम् (āyūnā́m)
locative	आ॒यौ (āyáu)	आ॒य्वोः (āyvóḥ)	आ॒युषु॑ (āyúṣu)
vocative	आयो॑ (ā́yo)	आयू॑ (ā́yū)	आय॑वः (ā́yavaḥ)

• ¹Vedic

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “आयु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 148, column 3.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “आयु”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon]‎^[2] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 277ff.