चतुरङ्ग
Sanskrit
Etymology
Compound of चतुर् (catur, “four”) and अङ्ग (aṅga, “limb, member”).
Adjective
चतुरङ्ग • (cátur-aṅga)
- having 4 limbs (or extremities) (RV. X, 92, 11, ŚBr. XII)
- RV 10.92.11
- ते हि दयावाप्र्थिवी भूरिरेतसा नराशंसश्चतुरङगोयमो.अदितिः |
- देवस्त्वष्टा दरविणोदा रभुक्षणः पररोदसी मरुतो विष्णुरर्हिरे ||
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter "sc" should be a valid script code; the value "Latinx" is not valid. See WT:LOS. |
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter "sc" should be a valid script code; the value "Latinx" is not valid. See WT:LOS. ||
- For these, the Earth and Heaven with their abundant seed, four-bodied Narāśaṁsa, Yama, Aditi,
- God Tvaṣṭar Wealth-bestower, the Ṛbhukṣaṇas, Rodasī, Maruts, Viṣṇu, claim and merit praise.
- RV 10.92.11
- (with बल (bala, “an army”)) comprising (4 parts, viz.) elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry (MBh. III, 790, R. II, 51, 7)
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) | ||
Gen. sg. | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
Vocative | चतुरङग (caturaṅaga) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
Accusative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगान् (caturaṅagān) |
Instrumental | चतुरङगेण (caturaṅageṇa) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगैः (caturaṅagaiḥ) |
Dative | चतुरङगाय (caturaṅagāya) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | चतुरङगात् (caturaṅagāt) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām) |
Locative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅageṣu) |
Feminine ā-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | चतुरङगा (caturaṅagā) | ||
Gen. sg. | चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅagāyāḥ) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | चतुरङगा (caturaṅagā) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
Vocative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
Accusative | चतुरङगाम् (caturaṅagām) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
Instrumental | चतुरङगया (caturaṅagayā) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगाभिः (caturaṅagābhiḥ) |
Dative | चतुरङगायै (caturaṅagāyai) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगाभ्यः (caturaṅagābhyaḥ) |
Ablative | चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅagāyāḥ) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगाभ्यः (caturaṅagābhyaḥ) |
Genitive | चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅagāyāḥ) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām) |
Locative | चतुरङगायाम् (caturaṅagāyām) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगासु (caturaṅagāsu) |
Neuter a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | ||
Gen. sg. | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅagāṇi) |
Vocative | चतुरङग (caturaṅaga) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅagāṇi) |
Accusative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅagāṇi) |
Instrumental | चतुरङगेण (caturaṅageṇa) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगैः (caturaṅagaiḥ) |
Dative | चतुरङगाय (caturaṅagāya) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | चतुरङगात् (caturaṅagāt) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām) |
Locative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅageṣu) |
Noun
चतुरङ्ग • (cátur-aṅga) stem, m
- Cucumis utilissimus (?) (L.)
- name of a son of रोमपाद (roma-pāda) or लोमपाद (loma-pāda) (Hariv. 1697 f., BhP. IX, 23, 10)
- (scil. बल (bala)) = चतुरङ्गबल (cátur-aṅga-bala) (AV., Pariś. ??, MBh. IX, 446)
- (chess) a kind of chess (played by 4 parties) (Tithyād.)
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) | ||
Gen. sg. | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
Vocative | चतुरङग (caturaṅaga) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ) |
Accusative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) | चतुरङगान् (caturaṅagān) |
Instrumental | चतुरङगेण (caturaṅageṇa) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगैः (caturaṅagaiḥ) |
Dative | चतुरङगाय (caturaṅagāya) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | चतुरङगात् (caturaṅagāt) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām) |
Locative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) | चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅageṣu) |
Descendants
- → Malay: catur
- Indonesian: catur
- → Middle Persian: ctlng (čatrang)
- Pali: caturaṅga
- → Tamil: சதுரங்கம் (caturaṅkam)
- → Telugu: చతురంగము (caturaṅgamu)
References
- Jacobi, Hermann (1896) “Ueber zwei ältere Erwähnungen des Schachspiels in der Sanskrit-Litteratur”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[1] (in German), volume 50, pages 227–233
- Monier Williams (1899) “चतुरङ्ग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0384.