catur

English

Noun

catur (plural caturs)

1. (historical) A light rowboat used on the coast of Malabar in the early days of the Portuguese.

References

• Henry Yule; A[rthur] C[oke] Burnell (1903), “catur”, in William Crooke, editor, Hobson-Jobson […] , London: John Murray, […].

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• katur, catuar, katuar, catuor, katuor

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin captāre, possibly via Venetan catar on both semantic grounds (both mean 'find') and phonological (Dalmatian lacks the expected /p/; cf. sapto < Latin septem).

Verb

catur

1. to find

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃatur/ [ˈt͡ʃa.t̪ʊr]
• Rhymes: -atur
• Syllabification: ca‧tur

Etymology 1

Indonesian cardinal numbers

<  3	4	5  >
Cardinal : catur

Inherited from Malay catur, from Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.

Numeral

catur

1. four

   Synonym: empat

Alternative forms

• catur-

Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay catur, from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), related to etymology 1.

Noun

catur (plural catur-catur)

1. (sports) chess (two-player board game)

   synonym: sekak

2. dialogue

   Synonym: cakapan

See also

Chess pieces in Indonesian · buah catur (see also: catur) (layout · text)
raja	menteri, patih, ratu, ster	benteng	gajah, loper, menteri, luncung, luncur, peluncur	kuda	bidak, pion, prajurit

Further reading

• “catur”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Javanese

Romanization

catur

1. romanization of ꦕꦠꦸꦂ

Malay

Alternative forms

• chator (1924-1972)

Pronunciation

• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃatur/ [ˈt͡ʃa.t̪ur]
  • Rhymes: -atur

• (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃato(r)/ [ˈt͡ʃa.t̪o(r)]
  • Rhymes: -ator, -ato
• Hyphenation: ca‧tur

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catur)der.

Malay catur

Malay cardinal numbers

<  3	4	5  >
Cardinal : catur

From Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.

Numeral

catur (Jawi spelling چاتور)

1. four

   Synonym: empat

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr)

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángas

Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hángas

Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga)

Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)der.

Malay catur

From Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), related to etymology 1.

Noun

catur (Jawi spelling چاتور, plural catur-catur or catur²)

1. (sports) chess (two-player board game)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pencatur [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• percaturan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
• mencatur [agent focus] (meN-)
• dicaturkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• bercatur [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• mempercaturkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• buah catur (“chess piece”)
• catur gajah (“elephant chess, a traditional Malay chess game”)
• catur harimau (“tiger chess, a traditional Malay chess game”)
• catur Jawa (“Javanese chess, a traditional Malay chess game”)
• catur perang (“war chess, a traditional Malay chess game”)
• catur sembilan (“ninefold chess, a traditional Malay chess game”)
• jaguh catur (“Grandmaster”)
• loh catur (“chessboard”)
• papan catur (“chessboard”)
• tapak catur (“chessboard square”)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: catur (inherited)
• → Maguindanao: satol
• → Maranao: sator
• → Tagalog: satol
• → Tausug: sattul

Further reading

• "catur" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "catur" at PRPM first version)

Old Javanese

Etymology

From Sanskrit चतुर् (catur, “four”).

Numeral

catur

1. four

Noun

catur

1. a type of chess

Derived terms

• acatur (“to play chess”)
• kacatur (“the fourth month”)

• catur-rakṣa
• caturaiśwarya
• caturapādika
• caturaśra
• caturaṅga
• caturaṅgabala
• caturaṅgabhṛtya
• caturaṅgalakṣaṇa
• caturbhaginī
• caturbhasma
• caturbhuja
• caturbhuwana
• caturbhāga
• caturbhūta
• caturdaśa
• caturdaśī
• caturdewatī
• caturdeśa
• caturdik
• caturdiśi
• caturdwija
• caturdwāra
• caturguṇa
• caturhasta
• caturhotra
• caturhotrawidhi
• caturjaladhi
• caturjana
• caturjanma
• caturjātaka
• caturkalpana
• caturkapāla
• caturlokapāla
• caturlābha
• caturmukha
• caturpada
• caturpāramitā
• catursandhi
• catursāmānya
• catursūkṣma
• caturtaṇḍamantri
• caturtha
• caturthiśāsana
• caturthī
• caturudayāstra
• caturupāya
• caturwaktra
• caturwarga
• caturwarṇa
• caturwarṇakrama
• caturwarṇāśrama
• caturweda
• caturwiphala
• caturwiṅśa
• caturyuga
• caturāsya
• caturāśrama
• caturāśramakarma
• caturāśrami
• cāturwaidya

Descendants

• → Javanese: ꦕꦠꦸꦂ (catur) (see there for further descendants)

Pali

Pali numbers ^(edit)

←  3	4	5  →
Cardinal: catur     Ordinal: catuttha

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• चतुर् (Devanagari script)
• চতুর্ (Bengali script)
• චතුර් (Sinhalese script)
• စတုရ် or ၸတုရ် (Burmese script)
• จตุรฺ or จะตุร (Thai script)
• ᨧᨲᩩᩁ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈຕຸຣ຺ or ຈະຕຸຣ or ຈະຕຸລ (Lao script)
• ចតុរ៑ (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄖𑄪𑄢𑄴 (Chakma script)

Alternative scripts

• catu (Latin script)
• 𑀘𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
• चतु (Devanagari script)
• চতু (Bengali script)
• චතු (Sinhalese script)
• စတု or ၸတု (Burmese script)
• จตุ or จะตุ (Thai script)
• ᨧᨲᩩ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈຕຸ or ຈະຕຸ (Lao script)
• ចតុ (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄖𑄪 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr).

Numeral

catur

1. four

Declension

Declension table of "catur" (masculine)

Case / Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	cattāro or caturo
Accusative (second)	cattāro or caturo
Instrumental (third)	catūhi or catuhi or catubbhi
Dative (fourth)	catunnaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	catūhi or catuhi or catubbhi
Genitive (sixth)	catunnaṃ
Locative (seventh)	catūsu or catusu

Declension table of "catur" (feminine)

Case / Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	catasso
Accusative (second)	catasso
Instrumental (third)	catūhi or catuhi or catubbhi
Dative (fourth)	catassannaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	catūhi or catuhi or catubbhi
Genitive (sixth)	catassannaṃ
Locative (seventh)	catūsu or catusu

Declension table of "catur" (neuter)

Case / Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	cattāri
Accusative (second)	cattāri
Instrumental (third)	catūhi or catuhi or catubbhi
Dative (fourth)	catunnaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	catūhi or catuhi or catubbhi
Genitive (sixth)	catunnaṃ
Locative (seventh)	catūsu or catusu

Derived terms

• caturāsīti (“84”)
• caturaṅgika (“fourfold”)