प्रज्ञा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā, “wisdom, insight”).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /pɾəɡ.jɑː/, [pɾɐɡ.jäː]

Noun

प्रज्ञा • (prajñā) f

wisdom, discernment, intelligence, insight
Synonyms: बुद्धि (buddhi), विवेक (vivek), ज्ञान (jñān)

Antonyms: मूर्खता (mūrkhatā), अज्ञान (ajñān)

Proper noun

प्रज्ञा • (prajñā) f

a female given name, Pragya, from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of *प्रज्ञा* (fem ā-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	प्रज्ञा prajñā	प्रज्ञाएँ prajñāẽ
oblique	प्रज्ञा prajñā	प्रज्ञाओं prajñāõ
vocative	प्रज्ञा prajñā	प्रज्ञाओ prajñāo

References

Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “प्रज्ञा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 3143
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “प्रज्ञा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 654
Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “प्रज्ञा”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 450

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

প্ৰজ্ঞা (Assamese script)
ᬧ᭄ᬭᬚ᭄ᬜᬵ (Balinese script)
প্রজ্ঞা (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰕𑰿𑰗𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀚𑁆𑀜𑀸 (Brahmi script)
ပြဇ္ဉာ (Burmese script)
પ્રજ્ઞા (Gujarati script)
ਪ੍ਰਜ੍ਞਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌜𑍍𑌞𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦿꦘꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂔𑂹𑂖𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಪ್ರಜ್ಞಾ (Kannada script)
ប្រជ្ញា (Khmer script)
ປ຺ຣຊ຺ຎາ (Lao script)
പ്രജ്ഞാ (Malayalam script)
ᢒᡵᠠᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰 (Modi script)
ᢒᠷᠠᠽᡛᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑧠𑧈𑦵𑧠𑦷𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵 (Newa script)
ପ୍ରଜ୍ଞା (Odia script)
ꢦ꣄ꢬꢙ꣄ꢛꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆘𑇀𑆚𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖯 (Siddham script)
ප්‍රඥා (Sinhalese script)
𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩣 𑪙𑩥𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚑𑚶𑚓𑚭 (Takri script)
ப்ரஜ்ஞா (Tamil script)
ప్రజ్ఞా (Telugu script)
ปฺรชฺญา (Thai script)
པྲ་ཛྙཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒖𑓂𑒘𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨥𑩇𑨓𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *pér

Proto-Indo-European *-o

Proto-Indo-European *pró

Proto-Indo-European *pro-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-

Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)

Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-

Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)

Sanskrit प्रज्ञा

From प्र- (pra-, “towards, pro-”) +‎ ज्ञा (√jñā, “to know”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

Noun

प्र॒ज्ञा • (prajñā́) stem, f

wisdom, intelligence, knowledge, judgement (ŚBr.)
plan, method (ŚBr., ŚāṅkhŚr.)
a clever or sensible woman (W.)
Wisdom personified as a goddess, Saraswati (L.)
one of the enumerated शक्ति (śakti, “energy”)
(Buddhism) transcendental wisdom (MWB.)
the energy of Adi-Buddha (MWB.)

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of प्र॒ज्ञा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	प्र॒ज्ञा (prajñā́)	प्र॒ज्ञे (prajñé)	प्र॒ज्ञाः (prajñā́ḥ)
accusative	प्र॒ज्ञाम् (prajñā́m)	प्र॒ज्ञे (prajñé)	प्र॒ज्ञाः (prajñā́ḥ)
instrumental	प्र॒ज्ञया॑ (prajñáyā) प्र॒ज्ञा¹ (prajñā́¹)	प्र॒ज्ञाभ्या॑म् (prajñā́bhyām)	प्र॒ज्ञाभिः॑ (prajñā́bhiḥ)
dative	प्र॒ज्ञायै॑ (prajñā́yai)	प्र॒ज्ञाभ्या॑म् (prajñā́bhyām)	प्र॒ज्ञाभ्यः॑ (prajñā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	प्र॒ज्ञायाः॑ (prajñā́yāḥ) प्र॒ज्ञायै॑² (prajñā́yai²)	प्र॒ज्ञाभ्या॑म् (prajñā́bhyām)	प्र॒ज्ञाभ्यः॑ (prajñā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	प्र॒ज्ञायाः॑ (prajñā́yāḥ) प्र॒ज्ञायै॑² (prajñā́yai²)	प्र॒ज्ञयोः॑ (prajñáyoḥ)	प्र॒ज्ञाना॑म् (prajñā́nām)
locative	प्र॒ज्ञाया॑म् (prajñā́yām)	प्र॒ज्ञयोः॑ (prajñáyoḥ)	प्र॒ज्ञासु॑ (prajñā́su)
vocative	प्रज्ञे॑ (prájñe)	प्रज्ञे॑ (prájñe)	प्रज्ञाः॑ (prájñāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Pali: paññā
- → Burmese: ပညာ (pa.nya)
- → Khün: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
- → Lao: ປັນຍາ (pan nyā)
- → Lü: ᦔᧃᦍᦱ (ṗanyaa)
- → Middle Chinese: 般若 (MC paen nyaeX)
  - Mandarin: 般若 (bōrě)
  - Cantonese: 般若 (bo1 je5, but3 je5)
  - Hakka: 般若 (pat-ngiâ)
  - Min Nan: 般若 (poa̍t-jiá, poa̍t-ché, pat-jé)
  - → Japanese: 般若(はんにゃ) (hannya)
  - → Korean: 반야(般若) (banya)
  - → Vietnamese: bát nhã (般若)
- → Mon: ပညာ (pɔnɲa)
- → Northern Thai: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
- → Old Khmer:
  - Khmer: បញ្ញា (paññaa)
- → Shan: ပိင်ႇၺႃႇ (pìng nyàa)
- → Thai: ปัญญา (bpan-yaa)
→ Assamese: প্রজ্ঞা
→ Bengali: প্রজ্ঞা (projna)
- → English: Progya, Pragya
- → Sylheti: ꠙ꠆ꠞꠎ꠆ꠘꠣ (frozna)
→ English: Prajna, prajna, prajñā
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: प्रज्ञा (prajñā)

Urdu: پرگیہ (pragya)
- → English: Pragya
→ Kannada: ಪ್ರಜ್ಞ (prajña)
→ Malayalam: പ്രജ്ഞ (prajña)
→ Marathi: प्रज्ञा (prajñā)
→ Nepali: प्रज्ञा (pragyā)
→ Odia: ପ୍ରଜ୍ଞା (prajñā)
→ Sinhalese: ප්‍රඥ්ඥාව (pragngnāwa)
→ Tamil: பிரக்யா (pirakyā)
- → English: Pirakya
→ Telugu: ప్రజ్ఞ (prajña)
→ Thai: ปรัชญา (bpràt-yaa)

Adjective

प्रज्ञा • (prajñā)

feminine nominative singular of प्रज्ञ (prajña)

Root

प्रज्ञा • (prajñā)

to know, understand (esp. a way or mode of action), discern, distinguish, know about, be acquainted with
to find out, discover, perceive, learn

Derived terms

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (paṇṇā)
- >? Sanskrit: पण्डा (paṇḍā), पण्डित (paṇḍita), *पण्डक (paṇḍa-ka) — with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-) instead of Sanskrit -इत (-ita)
  - Prakrit: *पंडग (paṃḍa-ga) (compare 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia))
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: पंडा (paṇḍā), पण्डा (paṇḍā)
      Urdu: پَنْڈا (paṇḍā)
  - Pali: paṇḍita
    - → Burmese: ပဏ္ဍိတ (pandi.ta.)
    - → Thai: บัณฑิต (ban-dìt)
  - Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia)
    - Old Bengali: পাঁডিআ (pā̃ḍiā)
      - Middle Bengali: পাঁড়িআ (pãṛia)
        Bengali: পাঁড়ে (pãṛe)
    - Gujarati: પંડયો (paṇḍyo)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: पाँडे (pā̃ḍe), पाँड़े (pā̃ṛe)
      Urdu: پان٘ڈے (pā̃ḍe), پان٘ڑے (pā̃ṛe)
    - Marathi: पांड्या (pāṇḍyā)
    - Marathi: 𑘢𑘰𑘽𑘚𑘿𑘧𑘰 (pāṇḍyā)
    - Nepali: पाँड़े (pā̃ṛe)
  - → Assamese: পণ্ডিত (pondit) (learned)
  - → Bengali: পণ্ডিত (ponḍito) (learned)
  - → Chinese: 班智達 / 班智达 (bānzhìdá) (phono-semantic matching)
  - → Gujarati: પંડિત (paṇḍit) (learned)
  - → Hindustani: (learned)
    Hindi: पंडित (paṇḍit), पण्डित (paṇḍit)
    Urdu: پنڈت (paṇḍit)
    - → English: pundit, pandit
  - → Old Javanese: paṇḍita, paṇḍe
    - Javanese: ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦠ (pandhita)
      - → Indonesian: pandita
      - → Malay: pendeta
        Indonesian: pendeta
    - → Balinese: ᬧᬡ᭄ᬟᬶᬢ (pandita)
    - Javanese: ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦺ (pandhé)
      - → Indonesian: pande
    - → Malay: pandai
      - > Indonesian: pandai (inherited)
      - Sabah Malay: pandai
      - → Cantonese: 扮𠮨 (baan6 naai3)
      - → Cebuano: panday
      - → Maranao: panday
      - → Semai: panèy
      - → Tagalog: panday
  - → Kannada: ಪಂಡಿತ (paṇḍita)
  - → Marathi: पंडित (paṇḍit) (learned)
  - → Mongolian: бандид (bandid)
  - → Nepali: पंडित (paṇḍit) (learned)
  - → Old Khmer: បណ្ឌិត (paṇḍita)
    - Khmer: បណ្ឌិត (bɑndɨt)
    - Lao: ປັນທິດ (pan thit)
    - Thai: บัณฑิต (ban-dìt)
  - → Odia: ପଣ୍ଡିତ (paṇḍita) (learned)
  - → Punjabi: (learned)
    Gurmukhi script: ਪੰਡਤ (paṇḍat)
    Shahmukhi script: پنڈت (paṇḍat)
  - → Tamil: பண்டிதன் (paṇṭitaṉ)
  - → Thai: บัณฑิต (ban-dìt)
  - → Tibetan: པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ (pan chen bla ma)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “प्रज्ञा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0659/1-2.