般若

Chinese[edit]

	phonetic
trad. (般若)	般	若
simp. ^#(般若)	般	若
alternative forms	波若

Wikipedia has an article on:

般若

Etymology[edit]

From Pali paññā, from Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bōrě

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄛㄖㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bo¹ je⁵, but³ je⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pat-ngiâ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): po-liá / po-jiá / pat-jé / poat-jiá / poa̍t-jiá / poa̍t-ché

(Teochew, Peng'im): bo¹ ria²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bōrě
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛㄖㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: borě
  - Wade–Giles: po¹-jê³
  - Yale: bwō-rě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boree
  - Palladius: божэ (božɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bo¹ je⁵, but³ je⁵
  - Yale: bō yéh, but yéh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bo¹ je⁵, but⁸ je⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: bo¹ yé⁵, bud³ yé⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/, /puːt̚³ jɛː¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pat-ngiâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: bad` ngia´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bad⁵ ngia¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pat̚² ŋi̯a²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-liá
  - Tâi-lô: po-liá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poiliar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /po⁴⁴⁻²² lia⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-jiá
  - Tâi-lô: po-jiá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poijiar
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zia⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pat-jé
  - Tâi-lô: pat-jé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: patjea
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pat̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ze⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poat-jiá
  - Tâi-lô: puat-jiá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poatjiar
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /puat̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zia⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poa̍t-jiá
  - Tâi-lô: pua̍t-jiá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poadjiar
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /puat̚⁴⁻³² zia⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poa̍t-ché
  - Tâi-lô: pua̍t-tsé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poadzea
  - IPA (Taipei): /puat̚⁴⁻³² t͡se⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /puat̚⁴⁻³² t͡se⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bo¹ ria²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: po jiá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po³³⁻²³ d͡zia⁵²/

Middle Chinese: paen nyaeX

Rime
Character	般	若
Reading #	3/3	2/3
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	布還切	人者切
Baxter	paen	nyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠan/	/ȵia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚan/	/ȵia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/pɐn/	/ȵʑia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨn/	/ȵia^X/
Li Rong	/pan/	/ȵia^X/
Wang Li	/pan/	/ȵʑĭa^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/pan/	/ȵʑi̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bān	rě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baan¹	je⁵

Noun[edit]

般若

(Buddhism) prajñā; Buddhist wisdom

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (般若):

→ Japanese: 般若(はんにゃ) (hannya)
→ Korean: 반야(般若) (banya)
→ Vietnamese: bát nhã (般若)

References[edit]

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “般若” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
般	若
はん Grade: S	にゃ Grade: 6
kan’on	goon

Alternative spelling
波若

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

般若

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Prajñā (Buddhism)

Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 般若 (MC pan nyaeX) or 般若 (MC paen nyaeX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] or Pali paññā (“wisdom”).^[4]^[5]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) はんにゃ [háꜜǹnyà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]
IPA^(key): [hã̠ɲ̟ɲ̟a̠]

Noun[edit]

般(はん)若(にゃ) or 般若(ハンニャ) • (hannya)

(Buddhism) prajñā, Buddhist wisdom
(Noh) a type of mask with the appearance of a grinning horned demoness
a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a hannya mask
A star or monk's hood cactus, Astrophytum ornatum
Hypernym: 仙人掌 (saboten)
Short for 般若面 (hannyazura): a dreadful face
a 伽羅 (kyara)-class aromatic wood

Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

般(はん)若(にゃ) • (Hannya)

Short for 般若経 (Hannya-kyō): the Great Perfection of Wisdom collection of sutras
Short for 般若寺 (Hannya-ji): the Hannya Temple in Nara

References[edit]

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ “般若”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 “般若”, in 世界大百科事典第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese[edit]

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
般	若

Noun[edit]

般若

chữ Hán form of bát nhã (“prajñā, Buddhist wisdom”).

[1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[2] “般若”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SDH-4] 4.0 ^4.1 “般若”, in 世界大百科事典第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998

[DJS-5] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

般若

Contents

Chinese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Noun[edit]

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般若

Chinese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Noun[edit]

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