शिक्षा

See also: shiksa

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिक्षा (śikṣā), from the root verb शिक्ष् (śikṣ, “to learn, study”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃɪk.ʂɑː/, [ʃɪk.ʃäː]

Noun

शिक्षा • (śikṣā) f (Urdu spelling شکشا‎)

1. education

   इस देश में शिक्षा का स्तर गिर गया है।

   is deś mẽ śikṣā kā star gir gayā hai.

   In this country the standard of education has declined.

2. lesson, moral

   इस कहानी की शिक्षा यह है।

   is kahānī kī śikṣā yah hai.

   This is the moral of the story.

   तुम्हें इससे शिक्षा लेनी चाहिये।

   tumhẽ isse śikṣā lenī cāhiye.

   This should be a lesson to you.

Declension

Declension of शिक्षा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शिक्षा śikṣā	शिक्षाएँ śikṣāẽ
oblique	शिक्षा śikṣā	शिक्षाओं śikṣāõ
vocative	शिक्षा śikṣā	शिक्षाओ śikṣāo

Synonyms

• (education): पढ़ाई (paṛhāī), तालीम (tālīm)
• (lesson): सबक़ (sabaq), सीख (sīkh)

Derived terms

• शिक्षापद्धति (śikṣāpaddhati, “system of education”)
• शिक्षापरिषद् (śikṣāpriṣad, “academic council”)
• शिक्षाशास्त्र (śikṣāśāstra, “pedagogy”)
• शिक्षित (śikṣit, “literate, educated”)
  • अशिक्षित (aśikṣit, “illiterate”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “शिक्षा”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “शिक्षा”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिक्षा (śikṣā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sik̚t͡sʰjä]
• Phonetic Devanagari: सिछा
• IPA^(key): [sit̚t͡sʰjä]
• Phonetic Devanagari: सिच्छ्या

Noun

शिक्षा • (śikṣā)

1. education
2. lesson, moral

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिक्षा (śikṣā).

Noun

शिक्षा • (śikṣā) f

1. knowledge

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ᬰᬶᬓ᭄ᬱᬵ (Balinese script)
• শিক্ষা (Assamese script)
• শিক্ষা (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰰𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌶𑌿𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌾 (Grantha script)
• શિક્ષા (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਿਕੑਸ਼ਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦯꦶꦏ꧀ꦰꦴ (Javanese script)
• ឝិក្ឞា (Khmer script)
• ಶಿಕ್ಷಾ (Kannada script)
• ຨິກ຺ຩາ (Lao script)
• ശിക്ഷാ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘫𑘱𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠢᢉᢔᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• ᡧᡳᡬᢢᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• ၐိက္ၑာ (Burmese script)
• 𑧋𑧒𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଶିକ୍ଷା (Oriya script)
• ꢯꢶꢒ꣄ꢰꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆴𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖰𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ශික්ෂා (Sinhalese script)
• శిక్షా (Telugu script)
• ศิกฺษา (Thai script)
• ཤི་ཀྵཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒱𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒰 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćikš- (“to learn”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬑𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬀‎ (sixšəmna, “learned”), 𐬯𐬌𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀‎ (sixšaiia, “to be learned”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕik.ʂɑː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕik.ʂɑː/

Noun

शिक्षा • (śikṣā) f

1. learning, study
2. knowledge, art, skill

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of शिक्षा (śikṣā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शिक्षा śikṣā	शिक्षे śikṣe	शिक्षाः śikṣāḥ
Vocative	शिक्षे śikṣe	शिक्षे śikṣe	शिक्षाः śikṣāḥ
Accusative	शिक्षाम् śikṣām	शिक्षे śikṣe	शिक्षाः śikṣāḥ
Instrumental	शिक्षया / शिक्षा¹ śikṣayā / śikṣā¹	शिक्षाभ्याम् śikṣābhyām	शिक्षाभिः śikṣābhiḥ
Dative	शिक्षायै śikṣāyai	शिक्षाभ्याम् śikṣābhyām	शिक्षाभ्यः śikṣābhyaḥ
Ablative	शिक्षायाः śikṣāyāḥ	शिक्षाभ्याम् śikṣābhyām	शिक्षाभ्यः śikṣābhyaḥ
Genitive	शिक्षायाः śikṣāyāḥ	शिक्षयोः śikṣayoḥ	शिक्षाणाम् śikṣāṇām
Locative	शिक्षायाम् śikṣāyām	शिक्षयोः śikṣayoḥ	शिक्षासु śikṣāsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Assamese: শিক্ষা (xikha, “education”), সেকা (xeka, “retaliation”)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (sikkhā)
  • Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ (sikkha, “disciple of Sikhism”)
    • → Thai: ซิก (sík), ซิกข์, สิกข์, สิข (sìk)
  • Pali: sikkhā
    • → Thai: สิกขา
    • → Burmese: သိက္ခါ (sikhka)
• → Hindi: शिक्षा (śikṣā)
• → Khmer: សិក្សា (səksaa)
• → Lao: ສຶກສາ (sưk sā)
• → Nepali: शिक्षा (śikṣā)
• → Old Gujarati: शिक्षा (śikṣā)
• → Thai: ศึกษา (sʉ̀k-sǎa)
• → Northern Thai: ᩆᩧᨠ᩠ᩇᩣ

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2023), “śikṣā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.