सूत्र

See also: सत्र, स्तर, स्त्र, सितारा, स्त्री, संतरा, and सितार

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra). Doublet of सूत (sūt).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /suːt̪.ɾᵊ/, [s̪uːt̪.ɾᵊ]

Noun

सूत्र • (sūtra) m

1. thread, yarn, string
2. a source, reference; text
3. (Hinduism) sutra: a rule
4. (mathematics) formula

   प्रारंभिक सूत्र ― prārambhik sūtra ― basic formulae

5. (chemistry) formula

   Synonym: रसायनिक सूत्र (rasāynik sūtra)

Declension

Declension of सूत्र (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सूत्र sūtra	सूत्र sūtra
oblique	सूत्र sūtra	सूत्रों sūtrõ
vocative	सूत्र sūtra	सूत्रो sūtro

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “सूत्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬲᬹᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• সূত্ৰ (Assamese script)
• সূত্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰳𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀽𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌸𑍂𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• સૂત્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਸੂਤੑਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦱꦹꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
• សូត្រ (Khmer script)
• ಸೂತ್ರ (Kannada script)
• ສູຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• സൂത്ര (Malayalam script)
• 𑘭𑘴𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠤᠤᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• ᠰᡠᡠᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• သူတြ (Burmese script)
• 𑧍𑧕𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐹𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ସୂତ୍ର (Oriya script)
• ꢱꢹꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆷𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖳𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• සූත්ර (Sinhalese script)
• సూత్ర (Telugu script)
• สูตฺร (Thai script)
• སཱུ་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒴𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-European *súh₁trom, from *syuh₁- (“to sew”). Synchronically derivable from the root सिव् (siv, “to sew”), and connected with सूचि (sūci) and सूना (sūnā).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /súːt.ɾɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪uːt̪.ɾɐ/

Noun

सूत्र • (sū́tra) n

1. thread, yarn, string, line, cord, wire
2. a measuring line

   सूत्रपात (sū́tra-pāta) — applying the measuring line

3. the sacred thread or cord worn by the first three classes (compare यज्ञोपवीत (yajño-pavīta))
4. a girdle
5. a fibre
6. a line, stroke
7. a sketch, plan
8. that which like a thread runs through or holds together everything, rule, direction
9. a short sentence or aphoristic rule, and any work or manual consisting of strings of such rules; hanging together like threads; or, alternatively, written on palm leaves which are strung together sutra
10. a kind of tree

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of सूत्र (sū́tra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सूत्रम् sū́tram	सूत्रे sū́tre	सूत्राणि / सूत्रा¹ sū́trāṇi / sū́trā¹
Vocative	सूत्र sū́tra	सूत्रे sū́tre	सूत्राणि / सूत्रा¹ sū́trāṇi / sū́trā¹
Accusative	सूत्रम् sū́tram	सूत्रे sū́tre	सूत्राणि / सूत्रा¹ sū́trāṇi / sū́trā¹
Instrumental	सूत्रेण sū́treṇa	सूत्राभ्याम् sū́trābhyām	सूत्रैः / सूत्रेभिः¹ sū́traiḥ / sū́trebhiḥ¹
Dative	सूत्राय sū́trāya	सूत्राभ्याम् sū́trābhyām	सूत्रेभ्यः sū́trebhyaḥ
Ablative	सूत्रात् sū́trāt	सूत्राभ्याम् sū́trābhyām	सूत्रेभ्यः sū́trebhyaḥ
Genitive	सूत्रस्य sū́trasya	सूत्रयोः sū́trayoḥ	सूत्राणाम् sū́trāṇām
Locative	सूत्रे sū́tre	सूत्रयोः sū́trayoḥ	सूत्रेषु sū́treṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: sutr
  • Kalasha: sūtr̥, sūtr
  • Kashmiri: سَتھَر‎ (sathar)
  • Khowar: شتر‎ (šutur)
  • Phalura: سوتر‎ (sūtr)
  • → Proto-Nuristani:
    • Waigali: sūtr̥, sṳ̄tr
• Pali: sutta
  • → Burmese: သုတ် (sut)
    • → Shan: သုၵ်ႈ (sūk)
  • → English: sutta
  • → Lao: ສູດ (sūt)
  • → Lü: ᦉᦳᧆᦏ (ṡudṫh)
  • → Mon: သုတ်
  • → Russian: су́тта (sútta)
  • → Thai: สูตร (sùut)
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (sutta), 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (suttia)

Terms inherited from 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (sutta)

• • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (sutta)
      • Hindustani: sūt
        • Hindi: सूत
        • Urdu: سُوت‎
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: সুত (xut), সুতা (xuta), ছুতা (suta)
      • Bengali: সুতা (śuta)
      • Bihari: सूत (sūt), सूता (sūtā)
        • Bhojpuri: सूत (sūt)
      • Oriya: ସୁଟା (suṭa)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Central Pahari:
        • Garhwali: सूत (sūt)
        • Kumaoni: सूत (sūt)
      • Eastern Pahari:
        • Nepali: सुत (sut)
      • Western Pahari:
        • Bhadrawahi: सूट्ळ (sūṭḷ), सूट्ळू (sūṭḷū)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi: sūtar, sūt, sūtrī, sūtṛī

          Gurmukhi script: ਸੂਤਰ, ਸੂਤ, ਸੂਤਰੀ, ਸੂਤੜੀ

          Shahmukhi script: سُوتَر‎, سُوت‎, سُوترِی‎, سُوتڑِی‎

          • Lahnda: سوتر‎ (sūtar)
            • Southern Hindko: سُوتُر (sūtur), سُوترَا (sūtrā)
      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: suṭru

          Arabic script: سُٹرُ‎

          Devanagari script: सुट्रु

          • Kachchi: સૂત્ર (sūtra)
  • Southern:
    • Helu:
      • Dhivehi: އުއި‎ (ui)
      • Sinhalese: හු (hu), හුය (huya)
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Konkani: sūta

        Devanagari script: सूत (sūt)

        Latin script: sut

        Kannada script: ಸೂತ

      • Marathi: सूत (sūt)
  • Western:
    • Gurjar Apabhramsa:
      • Gujarati: સુતર (sutar)

Terms inherited from *𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀮

• Central:
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Hindustani: sutlī
      • Hindi: सुतली
      • Urdu: سُترِی‎
• Eastern:
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Oriya: ସୁତୁଲୋ (sutulo)
• Northern:
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Central Pahari:
      • Kumaoni: सुत्लो (sutlo)
    • Eastern Pahari:
      • Nepali: सुत्लि (sutli)

Terms inherited from 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (suttia)

• Central:
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Hindustani: sūtī
      • Hindi: सूती
      • Urdu: سُوتِی‎
• Northern:
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Eastern Pahari:
      • Nepali: सुति (suti)
• Northwestern:
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Vracada Apabhramsa:
      • Punjabi: sūtī

        Gurmukhi script: ਸੂਤੀ

        Shahmukhi script: سُوتِی‎

• Western:
  • Gujarati: સુતરિયો (sutriyo)

Terms borrowed from सूत्र (sūtra)

• → Middle Chinese: 修多羅 (MC sɨu tɑ lɑ)
  • Mandarin: 修多羅／修多罗
• → Old Khmer: [script needed] (sūtra)
  • Khmer: សូត្រ (sout)
• → Old Malay: [script needed] (sūtra)
  • Classical Malay: سوترا‎ (sutĕra)
    • Malay: sutera
      • Indonesian: sutra
    • → Maranao: sotra'
  • → Old Tagalog: ᜐᜓᜆ᜔ᜎ (sutla)
    • Tagalog: sutla
• → Old Tamil: 𑀘𑀽𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀫𑁆 (cūttiram)
• → Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sudur)
  • → Middle Mongol: ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ (sudur)
    • Classical Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ (sudur)
      • Mongolian: судар (sudar)
• → English: sutra
• → French: soutra
• → German: Sutra
• → Norwegian Bokmål: sutra
• → Polish: sutra
• → Portuguese: sutra
• → Serbo-Croatian: sutra

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “सूत्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1241.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sutra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 781