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ἵστημι

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Hellenic *hístāmi, from Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti, the reduplicated present of *steh₂-.[1]

    Cognate with Old English standan (English stand), Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था (sthā)), Latin sistō, Old Armenian ստանամ (stanam), Persian ایستادن (istâdan).

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    ῐ̔́στημῐ (hĭ́stēmĭ)

    1. (transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses)
      1. to make to stand, to stand, set
      2. to stop, stay, check
      3. to set up
        1. to cause to rise, to raise, rouse, stir up
        2. to set up, appoint
        3. to establish, institute
      4. to place in the balance, weigh
    2. (intransitive, middle and passive voice, active voice of 2nd aorist, perfect, and pluperfect)
      1. to stand
      2. to stand still
        1. (figuratively) to stand firm
      3. to be set up or upright, to stand up, rise up
        1. (generally) to arise, begin
        2. (in marking time) to be
        3. to be appointed

    Usage notes

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    The 1st aorist active is transitive. The 1st aorist middle/passive is rarely used, with an intransitive or passive sense. The 2nd aorist is more common for intransitive or passive meanings. The 2nd aorist middle is very rare and largely confined to the grammarians.

    The 1st and 2nd perfect function much the same as the 1st and 2nd aorist, with the 1st perfect being transitive, and the 2nd perfect being intransitive. [2]

    Inflection

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    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • English: histamine
    • Byzantine Greek: στήνω (stḗnō)

    References

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    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἵστημι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 601
    2. ^ Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 819

    Further reading

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