तिष्ठति
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Sanskrit
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)tíṣṭaHti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stíštaHti, from Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti, from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Latin sistō, Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), Old English standan (whence English stand).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]तिष्ठति • (tíṣṭhati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root स्था)
- to stand, stand firmly, station oneself, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on
- with पादाभ्याम् (pādābhyām) — to stand on the feet
- with जानुभ्याम् (jānubhyām) — to kneel
- with अग्रे (ágre) or अग्रतस् (agratás) and genitive — to stand or present oneself before
- with पुरस् (purás) and with or without genitive — to stand up against an enemy etc.
- to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action
- to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with locative or ind.p.)
- with राज्ये (rājye) — to continue governing
- with शासने (śāsane) — to practise obedience
- with बल (bale) — to exercise power
- with स्वधर्मे (sva-dharme) — to do one's duty
- with स्वकर्मणि (sva-karmaṇi) — to keep to one's own business
- with संशये (saṃśaye, “saṃśaye”) — to persist in doubting
- धर्मम् आश्रित्य (dharmam āśritya) — to practise virtue
- to continue to be or exist (as opposed to "perish"), endure, last
- to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand
- to be with or at the disposal of, belong to (dative, genitive or locative)
- (Ā, mc. also P. compare Pāṇini 1-3, 23; IV, 34) to stand by, abide by, be near to, be on the side of, adhere or submit to, acquiesce in, serve, obey (locative or dative)
- to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate
- to behave or conduct oneself
- with समम् (samám) — to behave equally towards any one (+ locative)
- to be directed to or fixed on (+ locative)
- to be founded or rest or depend on, be contained in (+ locative)
- to rely on, confide in (+ locative)
- मयि स्थित्वा (mayi sthitvā) — confiding in me
- to stay at, resort to (+ accusative)
- to arise from (+ ablative or genitive)
- to desist or cease from (+ ablative)
- to remain unnoticed (as of no importance), be left alone (only imperative and potential)
- (passive voice) be stood etc. - frequently used impersonally
- मया स्थीयताम् (mayā sthīyatām) — let it be abided by me; i.e. I must abide
- (causative) to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute
- (causative) to set up, erect, raise, build
- (causative) to cause to continue, make durable, strengthen, confirm
- (causative) to prop up, support, maintain
- (causative) to affirm, assent
- (causative) to appoint (to any office + locative)
- (causative) to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (+ two accusatives)
- with धात्रीम् (dhātrīm, “dhātrīm”) — to employ any one as a nurse
- with रक्षार्थम् (rakṣā-rtham) — to appoint any one as guardian
- with सज्जम् (sajjam) — to make anything ready
- with सुरक्षितम् (surakṣitam, “su-rakṣitam”) — to keep anything well guarded
- with स्वीकृत्य (svīkṛtya) — to make anything one's own
- with परिशेषम् (pariśeṣam) — to leave anything over or remaining
- (causative) to fix, settle, determine, resolve
- (causative) to fix in or on, lead or being into, direct or turn towards (+ locative, rarely accusative)
- (causative) to introduce or initiate into, instruct in (+ locative)
- with नये (naye) — to instruct in a plan or system
- (causative) to make over or deliver up to (loc. or haste with gen., " into the hands of ")
- (causative) to give in marriage
- (causative) to cause to stand still, stop, arrest, check, hold, keep in, restrain
- with बद्ध्वा (baddhvā, “baddhvā”) — to keep bound or imprisoned
- (causative) to place aside, keep, save, preserve
Conjugation
[edit]Present: तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati), तिष्ठते (tíṣṭhate) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | तिष्ठति tíṣṭhati |
तिष्ठतः tíṣṭhataḥ |
तिष्ठन्ति tíṣṭhanti |
तिष्ठते tíṣṭhate |
तिष्ठेते tíṣṭhete |
तिष्ठन्ते tíṣṭhante | |
Second | तिष्ठसि tíṣṭhasi |
तिष्ठथः tíṣṭhathaḥ |
तिष्ठथ tíṣṭhatha |
तिष्ठसे tíṣṭhase |
तिष्ठेथे tíṣṭhethe |
तिष्ठध्वे tíṣṭhadhve | |
First | तिष्ठामि tíṣṭhāmi |
तिष्ठावः tíṣṭhāvaḥ |
तिष्ठामः / तिष्ठामसि¹ tíṣṭhāmaḥ / tíṣṭhāmasi¹ |
तिष्ठे tíṣṭhe |
तिष्ठावहे tíṣṭhāvahe |
तिष्ठामहे tíṣṭhāmahe | |
Imperative | |||||||
Third | तिष्ठतु tíṣṭhatu |
तिष्ठताम् tíṣṭhatām |
तिष्ठन्तु tíṣṭhantu |
तिष्ठताम् tíṣṭhatām |
तिष्ठेताम् tíṣṭhetām |
तिष्ठन्ताम् tíṣṭhantām | |
Second | तिष्ठ tíṣṭha |
तिष्ठतम् tíṣṭhatam |
तिष्ठत tíṣṭhata |
तिष्ठस्व tíṣṭhasva |
तिष्ठेथाम् tíṣṭhethām |
तिष्ठध्वम् tíṣṭhadhvam | |
First | तिष्ठानि tíṣṭhāni |
तिष्ठाव tíṣṭhāva |
तिष्ठाम tíṣṭhāma |
तिष्ठै tíṣṭhai |
तिष्ठावहै tíṣṭhāvahai |
तिष्ठामहै tíṣṭhāmahai | |
Optative/Potential | |||||||
Third | तिष्ठेत् tíṣṭhet |
तिष्ठेताम् tíṣṭhetām |
तिष्ठेयुः tíṣṭheyuḥ |
तिष्ठेत tíṣṭheta |
तिष्ठेयाताम् tíṣṭheyātām |
तिष्ठेरन् tíṣṭheran | |
Second | तिष्ठेः tíṣṭheḥ |
तिष्ठेतम् tíṣṭhetam |
तिष्ठेत tíṣṭheta |
तिष्ठेथाः tíṣṭhethāḥ |
तिष्ठेयाथाम् tíṣṭheyāthām |
तिष्ठेध्वम् tíṣṭhedhvam | |
First | तिष्ठेयम् tíṣṭheyam |
तिष्ठेव tíṣṭheva |
तिष्ठेम tíṣṭhema |
तिष्ठेय tíṣṭheya |
तिष्ठेवहि tíṣṭhevahi |
तिष्ठेमहि tíṣṭhemahi | |
Subjunctive | |||||||
Third | तिष्ठाति / तिष्ठात् tíṣṭhāti / tíṣṭhāt |
तिष्ठातः tíṣṭhātaḥ |
तिष्ठान् tíṣṭhān |
तिष्ठाते / तिष्ठातै tíṣṭhāte / tíṣṭhātai |
तिष्ठैते tíṣṭhaite |
तिष्ठन्त / तिष्ठान्तै tíṣṭhanta / tíṣṭhāntai | |
Second | तिष्ठासि / तिष्ठाः tíṣṭhāsi / tíṣṭhāḥ |
तिष्ठाथः tíṣṭhāthaḥ |
तिष्ठाथ tíṣṭhātha |
तिष्ठासे / तिष्ठासै tíṣṭhāse / tíṣṭhāsai |
तिष्ठैथे tíṣṭhaithe |
तिष्ठाध्वै tíṣṭhādhvai | |
First | तिष्ठानि tíṣṭhāni |
तिष्ठाव tíṣṭhāva |
तिष्ठाम tíṣṭhāma |
तिष्ठै tíṣṭhai |
तिष्ठावहै tíṣṭhāvahai |
तिष्ठामहै tíṣṭhāmahai | |
Participles | |||||||
तिष्ठत् tíṣṭhat |
तिष्ठमान tíṣṭhamāna | ||||||
Notes |
|
Imperfect: अतिष्ठत् (átiṣṭhat), अतिष्ठत (átiṣṭhata) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | अतिष्ठत् átiṣṭhat |
अतिष्ठताम् átiṣṭhatām |
अतिष्ठन् átiṣṭhan |
अतिष्ठत átiṣṭhata |
अतिष्ठेताम् átiṣṭhetām |
अतिष्ठन्त átiṣṭhanta |
Second | अतिष्ठः átiṣṭhaḥ |
अतिष्ठतम् átiṣṭhatam |
अतिष्ठत átiṣṭhata |
अतिष्ठथाः átiṣṭhathāḥ |
अतिष्ठेथाम् átiṣṭhethām |
अतिष्ठध्वम् átiṣṭhadhvam |
First | अतिष्ठम् átiṣṭham |
अतिष्ठाव átiṣṭhāva |
अतिष्ठाम átiṣṭhāma |
अतिष्ठे átiṣṭhe |
अतिष्ठावहि átiṣṭhāvahi |
अतिष्ठामहि átiṣṭhāmahi |
Derived terms
[edit]- अतितिष्ठति (atitiṣṭhati)
- अधितिष्ठति (adhitiṣṭhati)
- अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati)
- अपातिष्ठति (apātiṣṭhati)
- अपितिष्ठति (apitiṣṭhati)
- अवतिष्ठति (avatiṣṭhati)
- अवतिष्ठते (avatiṣṭhate)
- आतिष्ठति (ātiṣṭhati)
- उत्तिष्ठति (uttiṣṭhati)
- उपतिष्ठति (upatiṣṭhati)
- उपतिष्ठते (upatiṣṭhate)
- नितिष्ठति (nitiṣṭhati)
- निस्तिष्ठति (nistiṣṭhati)
- परितिष्ठति (paritiṣṭhati)
- पर्यवतिष्ठति (paryavatiṣṭhati)
- प्रतितिष्ठति (pratitiṣṭhati)
- प्रतिष्ठति (pratiṣṭhati)
- प्रत्यवतिष्ठते (pratyavatiṣṭhate)
- प्रत्यातिष्ठति (pratyātiṣṭhati)
- प्रत्युपतिष्ठति (pratyupatiṣṭhati)
- वितिष्ठते (vitiṣṭhate)
- समधितिष्ठति (samadhitiṣṭhati)
- समातिष्ठति (samātiṣṭhati)
Descendants
[edit]- Pali: tiṭṭhati
- Dhivehi: އިށީންނަނީ (iṣīn̊nanī)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “तिष्ठति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1262.
Further reading
[edit]Categories:
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit verbs
- Sanskrit class 1 verbs
- Sanskrit parasmaipada verbs
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root स्था
- Sanskrit verbs in Devanagari script