はず

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See also: はす

Japanese

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Alternative spellings

Etymology

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Unknown. There are several origin theories, including:[1]

  • From ハヅレ (hazure, other; extraordinary)
  • Of obsolete forms , meaning “open; unfold”, and , meaning “unlimited; without end”
  • Abbreviation of ()はず (tehazu, arrangement; plan)
  • Abbreviation of obsolete ハスヱ (hasue, tip; end)
  • From () (ha, feather) and () (zu, tip; head)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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はず (hazuはず (fazu)?

  1. nock; the grooves that hold a bowstring on a bow, the notch that holds an arrow to the bowstring
  2. (sumo) a nock-shaped grip used in はず() (hazu oshi)
  3. as things should be; what is expected; that which should be so; must be; bound to be; expected to be
    (ふね)(らい)(しゅう)(よこ)(はま)()はずである。
    Fune wa raishū Yokohama ni tsuku hazu de aru.
    The ship should arrive in Yokohama next week.
    そんなはずはない。
    Sonna hazu wa nai.
    That isn't right. That should not happen.
    ()()(のう)はずだった。
    Fukanō na hazu datta.
    It should have been impossible.
    その(はず)(しん)(れい)のより(どころ)
    sono hazu ga shinrei no yoridokoro
    that is as the gods should allow
  4. (Okinawa) what may happen; as things could be
    (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Usage notes

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  • (as things should be):
    • Attaches to a verb or adjective to indicate an expectation that something took place, will take place, or is (was) in some state.
    • This term is often spelled in hiragana, being an abstract word largely divorced from its original meaning.
    • (Okinawa) Denotes a considerably lower probability than that of standard Japanese.[3]

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Ōsumi, Midori (2001) “Language and identity in Okinawa today”, in Mary Noguchi and Sandra Fotos, editors, Studies in Japanese Bilingualism[1], Multilingual Matters Ltd., →ISBN, pages 84–85