凍る
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
凍 |
こお Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
氷る |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese 凍る (koporu).
Likely cognate with other terms beginning with ko- and related to senses of hard, stiff, such as 凝る (koru, “to stiffen”), 凍ゆ (koyu, “to freeze, to become frozen”, classical) → modern 凍える (kogoeru), 強い (kowai, “hard, tough, stiff”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「凍る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
凍る | こおる | [kòórú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 凍れ | こおれ | [kòóré] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 凍られる | こおられる | [kòórárérú] |
Causative | 凍らせる | こおらせる | [kòórásérú] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 凍ろう | こおろー | [kòóróꜜò] |
Negative | 凍らない | こおらない | [kòóránáí] |
Negative perfective | 凍らなかった | こおらなかった | [kòóránáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 凍ります | こおります | [kòórímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 凍った | こおった | [kòóttá] |
Conjunctive | 凍って | こおって | [kòótté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 凍れば | こおれば | [kòóréꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 凍らす |
mediopassive | 凍る |
凍る • (kōru) intransitive godan (stem 凍り (kōri), past 凍った (kōtta))
- to freeze
- 水が凍っている
- mizu ga kōtteiru
- the water is frozen
- 水が凍っている
- to be frozen over
- to congeal
- (Internet) to suspend an account (usually on Twitter)
Usage notes
[edit]凍える is often used for body parts (of living organisms) to freeze, while 凍る is often used for objects (e.g. water freezes).
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "凍る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 凍ら | こおら | kōra |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 凍り | こおり | kōri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 凍る | こおる | kōru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 凍る | こおる | kōru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 凍れ | こおれ | kōre |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 凍れ | こおれ | kōre |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 凍られる | こおられる | kōrareru |
Causative | 凍らせる 凍らす |
こおらせる こおらす |
kōraseru kōrasu |
Potential | 凍れる | こおれる | kōreru |
Volitional | 凍ろう | こおろう | kōrō |
Negative | 凍らない | こおらない | kōranai |
Negative continuative | 凍らず | こおらず | kōrazu |
Formal | 凍ります | こおります | kōrimasu |
Perfective | 凍った | こおった | kōtta |
Conjunctive | 凍って | こおって | kōtte |
Hypothetical conditional | 凍れば | こおれば | kōreba |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 凍 read as こお
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Internet