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強い

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
つよ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
彊い

From Old Japanese. Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] In turn from Proto-Japonic *tuyə. Cognate with Miyako (tsū), Okinawan 強ーさん (chūsan).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 強い
Plain 強い [tsùyóꜜì]
Conjunctive 強くて くて
よくて
[tsùyóꜜkùtè]
[tsúꜜyòkùtè]
Continuative 強く
よく
[tsùyóꜜkù]
[tsúꜜyòkù]
Negative 強くない くない
よくない
[tsùyóꜜkù nàì]
[tsúꜜyòkù nàì]
Past 強かった かった
よかった
[tsùyóꜜkàttà]
[tsúꜜyòkàttà]
Negative past 強くなかった くなかった
よくなかった
[tsùyóꜜkù nàkàttà]
[tsúꜜyòkù nàkàttà]
Conditional 強ければ ければ
よければ
[tsùyóꜜkèrèbà]
[tsúꜜyòkèrèbà]
Terminal 強い [tsùyóꜜì]
Formal 強いです いです [tsùyóꜜì dèsù]

Adjective

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(つよ) (tsuyoi-i (adverbial (つよ) (tsuyoku))

  1. strong, durable, powerful
    • 2006 April 15, Nobuyuki Anzai, “AKT(アクト).139(ひゃくさんじゅうきゅう)/ ウォーゲーム(さい)(しゅう)(けっ)(せん) アランVS(バーサス).ハロウィン() [Akt 139: War Games Final Battle: Alan vs. Halloween #2]”, in MÄR(メル) MÄRCHEN AWAKENS ROMANCE [MÄR: Märchen Awakens Romance], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 153:
      (よわ)(やつ)(つよ)(やつ)()(せい)になるのは(ひつ)(ぜん)なんだ
      Yowai yatsu ga tsuyoi yatsu no gisei ni naru no wa hitsuzen na n da
      It’s inevitable that the weak fall prey to the strong
  2. strong, competent, good
    (すう)()(つよ)
    sūji ni tsuyoi
    good at figures
  3. high tolerance, resilient
    (あめ)(つよ)
    ame ni tsuyoi
    resilient to rain
Inflection
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Alternative forms
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Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
こわ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Nihon Shoki, c. CE 720. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kƏpa.

Cognate with 怖い (kowai, scary, frightening), apparently from the sense of freezing from fright.[1][2] Likely also cognate with other terms beginning with ko- and related to senses of hard, stiff, such as 凝る (koru, to stiffen), 凍ゆ (koyu, to freeze, to become frozen, classical) → modern 凍える (kogoeru).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 強い
Plain 強い [kòwáꜜì]
Conjunctive 強くて くて
わくて
[kòwáꜜkùtè]
[kóꜜwàkùtè]
Continuative 強く
わく
[kòwáꜜkù]
[kóꜜwàkù]
Negative 強くない くない
わくない
[kòwáꜜkù nàì]
[kóꜜwàkù nàì]
Past 強かった かった
わかった
[kòwáꜜkàttà]
[kóꜜwàkàttà]
Negative past 強くなかった くなかった
わくなかった
[kòwáꜜkù nàkàttà]
[kóꜜwàkù nàkàttà]
Conditional 強ければ ければ
わければ
[kòwáꜜkèrèbà]
[kóꜜwàkèrèbà]
Terminal 強い [kòwáꜜì]
Formal 強いです いです [kòwáꜜì dèsù]

Adjective

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(こわ) (kowaiこはい (kofai)?-i (adverbial (こわ) (kowaku))

  1. hard, tough, stiff
  2. stubborn
Inflection
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Verb

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() (shii

  1. imperfective and stem (or continuative) forms of 強いる (shiiru) [ichidan]

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN