叩頭

See also: 叩头

Chinese

		knock	head; (noun suffix)
trad. (叩頭)		叩	頭
simp. (叩头)		叩	头
alternative forms		扣頭／扣头

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kòutóu

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄡˋ ㄊㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³ tau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khieu-thèu
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khàu-thâu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kòutóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋ ㄊㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kòutóu
    • Wade–Giles: kʻou⁴-tʻou²
    • Yale: kòu-tóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kowtour
    • Palladius: коутоу (koutou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kau³ tau⁴
    • Yale: kau tàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kau³ tau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: keo³ teo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khieu-thèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: kieu teu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kieu⁴ teu²
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯eu̯⁵⁵ tʰeu̯¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàu-thâu
    • Tâi-lô: khàu-thâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qao'taau
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰau²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰau²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰau¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰau²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰau²³/

Verb

叩頭

1. to kowtow; to kneel and bow low enough to touch one's forehead to the ground
2. to bow very deeply
3. (figurative) to act in a very submissive manner

Synonyms

• 磕頭／磕头 (kētóu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (叩頭):

• → Japanese: 叩頭(こうとう) (kōtō)

Others:

• → English: kowtow
• → German: Kotau

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
叩	頭
こう Hyōgai	とう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Noun

叩(こう)頭(とう) • (kōtō) 

1. a kowtow, a deep bow so low that one's head touches the ground in Chinese culture

Hypernyms

• 礼(れい) (rei)
• お辞儀(じぎ) (ojigi)

Coordinate terms

• 会釈(えしゃく) (eshaku): a slight bow
• 目礼(もくれい) (mokurei): a nod to a person
• 黙礼(もくれい) (mokurei): a silent bow
• 最敬礼(さいけいれい) (saikeirei): a respectful bow, a low bow

Verb

叩(こう)頭(とう)する • (kōtō suru) suru (stem 叩(こう)頭(とう)し (kōtō shi), past 叩(こう)頭(とう)した (kōtō shita))

1. kowtow, make a very deep bow such that one's head touches the ground in Chinese culture

Conjugation

Conjugation of "叩頭する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	叩頭し	こうとうし	kōtō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	叩頭し	こうとうし	kōtō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	叩頭する	こうとうする	kōtō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	叩頭する	こうとうする	kōtō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	叩頭すれ	こうとうすれ	kōtō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	叩頭せよ¹ 叩頭しろ²	こうとうせよ¹ こうとうしろ²	kōtō seyo¹ kōtō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	叩頭される	こうとうされる	kōtō sareru
Causative	叩頭させる 叩頭さす	こうとうさせる こうとうさす	kōtō saseru kōtō sasu
Potential	叩頭できる	こうとうできる	kōtō dekiru
Volitional	叩頭しよう	こうとうしよう	kōtō shiyō
Negative	叩頭しない	こうとうしない	kōtō shinai
Negative continuative	叩頭せず	こうとうせず	kōtō sezu
Formal	叩頭します	こうとうします	kōtō shimasu
Perfective	叩頭した	こうとうした	kōtō shita
Conjunctive	叩頭して	こうとうして	kōtō shite
Hypothetical conditional	叩頭すれば	こうとうすれば	kōtō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative