country; state; nation | disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (國難) | 國 | 難 | |
simp. (国难) | 国 | 难 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 國 | 難 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 泥 (8) |
Final (韻) | 德 (132) | 寒 (61) |
Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
Division (等) | I | I |
Fanqie | 古或切 | 奴案切 |
Baxter | kwok | nanH |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kwək̚/ | /nɑnH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kʷək̚/ | /nɑnH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/kuək̚/ | /nɑnH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kwək̚/ | /nanH/ |
Li Rong |
/kuək̚/ | /nɑnH/ |
Wang Li |
/kuək̚/ | /nɑnH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/kwək̚/ | /nɑnH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
guo | nàn |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
gwak1 | naan6 |
國難