堅い
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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堅 |
かた Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]This word was derived from ancient Japanese origin かたし (katashi, “hard”) and applied the meaning of Chinese letter 堅/坚 that means keeping its physical shape or behavior by its excellent quality.
In turn, from Old Japanese kata,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kata.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]堅い • (katai) -i (adverbial 堅く (kataku))
- firm, resolute
- 彼女の結婚への意思は堅かった。
- Kanojo no kekkon e no ishi wa katakatta.
- She was absolutely determined to get married.
- 彼女の結婚への意思は堅かった。
- honest, steadfast
- その僧侶は堅い行いをする。
- Sono sōryo wa katai okonai o suru.
- The behaviour of the priest is honest.
- その僧侶は堅い行いをする。
- stern, strict, serious
- 堅い話はそのへんにして…
- katai hanashi wa sono hen ni shite…
- Be strict about that…
- 堅い話はそのへんにして…
- safe
- 三万円を用意しておけば堅い。
- Sanman en o yōi shiteokeba katai.
- It will be safe if you prepare thirty thousand yen.
- 三万円を用意しておけば堅い。
- indestructible, unwreckable
- この扉は鉄製で堅い。
- Kono tobira wa tessei de katai.
- This door is iron-made and indestructible.
- この扉は鉄製で堅い。
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 堅い
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 堅かろ | かたかろ | katakaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 堅く | かたく | kataku |
Terminal (終止形) | 堅い | かたい | katai |
Attributive (連体形) | 堅い | かたい | katai |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 堅けれ | かたけれ | katakere |
Imperative (命令形) | 堅かれ | かたかれ | katakare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 堅くない | かたくない | kataku nai |
Informal past | 堅かった | かたかった | katakatta |
Informal negative past | 堅くなかった | かたくなかった | kataku nakatta |
Formal | 堅いです | かたいです | katai desu |
Formal negative | 堅くないです | かたくないです | kataku nai desu |
Formal past | 堅かったです | かたかったです | katakatta desu |
Formal negative past | 堅くなかったです | かたくなかったです | kataku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 堅くて | かたくて | katakute |
Conditional | 堅ければ | かたければ | katakereba |
Provisional | 堅かったら | かたかったら | katakattara |
Volitional | 堅かろう | かたかろう | katakarō |
Adverbial | 堅く | かたく | kataku |
Degree | 堅さ | かたさ | katasa |
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese kata”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 堅 read as かた
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples