届く
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 届 |
| とど Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 屆く (kyūjitai) |
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 届ける |
| mediopassive | 届く |
Shift from tozuku below.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 届く
| Plain | 届く | とどく | [tòdóꜜkù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 届いて | とどいて | [tòdóíꜜtè] |
| Perfective | 届いた | とどいた | [tòdóíꜜtà] |
| Negative | 届かない | とどかない | [tòdókáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 届かなかった | とどかなかった | [tòdókáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 届けば | とどけば | [tòdóꜜkèbà] |
| Past conditional | 届いたら | とどいたら | [tòdóíꜜtàrà] |
| Imperative | 届け | とどけ | [tòdóꜜkè] |
| Volitional | 届こう | とどこー | [tòdókóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 届きたい | とどきたい | [tòdókítáꜜì] |
| Formal | 届きます | とどきます | [tòdókímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 届きません | とどきません | [tòdókímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 届きましょう | とどきましょー | [tòdókímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 届きました | とどきました | [tòdókímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 届き 届きに |
とどき とどきに |
[tòdóꜜkì] [tòdóꜜkì nì] |
| Negative continuative | 届かず 届かずに |
とどかず とどかずに |
[tòdókáꜜzù] [tòdókáꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 届かれる | とどかれる | [tòdókáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 届かせる 届かす |
とどかせる とどかす |
[tòdókáséꜜrù] [tòdókáꜜsù] |
| Potential | 届ける | とどける | [tòdókéꜜrù] |
Verb
[edit]届く • (todoku) intransitive godan (stem 届き (todoki), past 届いた (todoita))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 届ける |
| mediopassive | 届く |
- to arrive (at a destination)
- Synonym: 着く (tsuku)
- 手紙が届いた。 ― Tegami ga todoita. ― The letter arrived.
- to (be able to) reach
- (of care, attention) to pervade, to reach all parts
- 親の目が届く場所で遊ぶ
- oya no me ga todoku basho de asobu
- to play where your parents can keep an eye on you
- 親の目が届く場所で遊ぶ
- (figurative, of feelings) to reach, to get through to (the target)
- 届かない思い ― todokanai omoi ― feelings that do not make it (to someone)
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 届か | とどか | todoka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 届き | とどき | todoki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 届く | とどく | todoku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 届く | とどく | todoku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 届け | とどけ | todoke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 届け | とどけ | todoke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 届かれる | とどかれる | todokareru |
| Causative | 届かせる 届かす |
とどかせる とどかす |
todokaseru todokasu |
| Potential | 届ける | とどける | todokeru |
| Volitional | 届こう | とどこう | todokō |
| Negative | 届かない | とどかない | todokanai |
| Negative continuative | 届かず | とどかず | todokazu |
| Formal | 届きます | とどきます | todokimasu |
| Perfective | 届いた | とどいた | todoita |
| Conjunctive | 届いて | とどいて | todoite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 届けば | とどけば | todokeba |
¹ In everyday speech, せら is shortened into さ in the causative passive forms of godan verbs: 届かせられる → 届かされる. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 届か | とどか | todoka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 届き | とどき | todoki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 届く | とどく | todoku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 届く | とどく | todoku |
| Realis (已然形) | 届け | とどけ | todoke |
| Imperative (命令形) | 届け | とどけ | todoke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 届かず | とどかず | todokazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 届けど | とどけど | todokedo |
| Causal conjunction | 届けば | とどけば | todokeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 届かば | とどかば | todokaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 届きき | とどきき | todokiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 届きけり | とどきけり | todokikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 届きつ | とどきつ | todokitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 届きぬ | とどきぬ | todokinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 届けり 届きたり |
とどけり とどきたり |
todokeri todokitari |
| Volitional | 届かむ | とどかむ | todokamu |
Derived terms
[edit]- 蟻の思いも天に届く (ari no omoi mo ten ni todoku)
- 行き届く (ikitodoku)
- 痒い所に手が届く (kayui tokoro ni te ga todoku)
- 手が届く (te ga todoku)
- 不届き (futodoki)
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 届 |
| とず Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 屆く (kyūjitai) |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[7] From Proto-Japonic *tontoku.
Verb
[edit]届く • (tozuku) ←とづく (toduku)?intransitive †yodan
- (archaic) alternative form of 届く (todoku)
Conjugation
[edit]| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 届か | とづか | toduka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 届き | とづき | toduki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 届く | とづく | toduku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 届く | とづく | toduku |
| Realis (已然形) | 届け | とづけ | toduke |
| Imperative (命令形) | 届け | とづけ | toduke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 届かず | とづかず | todukazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 届けど | とづけど | todukedo |
| Causal conjunction | 届けば | とづけば | todukeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 届かば | とづかば | todukaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 届きき | とづきき | todukiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 届きけり | とづきけり | todukikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 届きつ | とづきつ | todukitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 届きぬ | とづきぬ | todukinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 届けり 届きたり |
とづけり とづきたり |
todukeri todukitari |
| Volitional | 届かむ | とづかむ | todukamu |
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 届 |
| とず Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 屆く (kyūjitai) |
Verb
[edit]届く • (tozuku) ←とづく (toduku)?transitive †nidan
Conjugation
[edit]| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 届け | とづけ | toduke |
| Continuative (連用形) | 届け | とづけ | toduke |
| Terminal (終止形) | 届く | とづく | toduku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 届くる | とづくる | todukuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 届くれ | とづくれ | todukure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 届けよ | とづけよ | todukeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 届けず | とづけず | todukezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 届くれど | とづくれど | todukuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 届くれば | とづくれば | todukureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 届けば | とづけば | todukeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 届けき | とづけき | todukeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 届けけり | とづけけり | todukekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 届けつ | とづけつ | toduketu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 届けぬ | とづけぬ | todukenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 届けたり | とづけたり | toduketari |
| Volitional | 届けむ | とづけむ | todukemu |
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 [Nationwide Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
- ^ “届”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- “届く”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 届 read as とど
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 届 read as とず
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms historically spelled with づ
- Japanese yodan verbs
- Japanese yodan verbs ending with -ku
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese nidan verbs
- Japanese shimo nidan verbs