止む
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 止 |
| や Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 已む 罷む |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 止む
| Plain | 止む | やむ | [yàmú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 止んで | やんで | [yàńdé] |
| Perfective | 止んだ | やんだ | [yàńdá] |
| Negative | 止まない | やまない | [yàmánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 止まなかった | やまなかった | [yàmánáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 止めば | やめば | [yàméꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 止んだら | やんだら | [yàńdáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 止め | やめ | [yàmé] |
| Volitional | 止もう | やもー | [yàmóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 止みたい | やみたい | [yàmítáí] |
| Formal | 止みます | やみます | [yàmímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 止みません | やみません | [yàmímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 止みましょう | やみましょー | [yàmímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 止みました | やみました | [yàmímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 止み 止みに |
やみ やみに |
[yàmí] [yàmí ní] |
| Negative continuative | 止まず 止まずに |
やまず やまずに |
[yàmázú] [yàmázú ní] |
| Passive | 止まれる | やまれる | [yàmárérú] |
| Causative | 止ませる 止ます |
やませる やます |
[yàmásérú] [yàmású] |
| Potential | 止める | やめる | [yàmérú] |
Verb
[edit]止む • (yamu) intransitive godan (stem 止み (yami), past 止んだ (yanda))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 止める |
| mediopassive | 止む |
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 止ま | やま | yama |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 止み | やみ | yami |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 止む | やむ | yamu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 止む | やむ | yamu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 止め | やめ | yame |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 止め | やめ | yame |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 止まれる | やまれる | yamareru |
| Causative | 止ませる 止ます |
やませる やます |
yamaseru yamasu |
| Potential | 止める | やめる | yameru |
| Volitional | 止もう | やもう | yamō |
| Negative | 止まない | やまない | yamanai |
| Negative continuative | 止まず | やまず | yamazu |
| Formal | 止みます | やみます | yamimasu |
| Perfective | 止んだ | やんだ | yanda |
| Conjunctive | 止んで | やんで | yande |
| Hypothetical conditional | 止めば | やめば | yameba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 止ま | やま | yama |
| Continuative (連用形) | 止み | やみ | yami |
| Terminal (終止形) | 止む | やむ | yamu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 止む | やむ | yamu |
| Realis (已然形) | 止め | やめ | yame |
| Imperative (命令形) | 止め | やめ | yame |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 止まず | やまず | yamazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 止めど | やめど | yamedo |
| Causal conjunction | 止めば | やめば | yameba |
| Conditional conjunction | 止まば | やまば | yamaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 止みき | やみき | yamiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 止みけり | やみけり | yamikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 止みつ | やみつ | yamitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 止みぬ | やみぬ | yaminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 止めり 止みたり |
やめり やみたり |
yameri yamitari |
| Volitional | 止まむ | やまむ | yamamu |
Derived terms
[edit]- 泣き止む (nakiyamu)
- 鳴き止む (nakiyamu)
- 吹き止む (fukiyamu)
- 降り止む (furiyamu)
- 止む事無し (yamugoto nashi), 止ん事無い (yangoto nai)
- 止む無い (yamu nai)
- 止むに止まれぬ (yamu ni yamarenu), 止むに止まれず (yamu ni yamarezu)
- 止むを得ない (yamu o enai), 止むを得ず (yamu o ezu)
See also
[edit]- 止まる (tomaru)
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 止 read as や
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples