苦笑
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Chinese
[edit]bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful |
laugh; smile | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (苦笑) | 苦 | 笑 | |
simp. #(苦笑) | 苦 | 笑 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fu2 siu3
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-chhiò
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kǔsiào
- Wade–Giles: kʻu3-hsiao4
- Yale: kǔ-syàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuushiaw
- Palladius: кусяо (kusjao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fu2 siu3
- Yale: fú siu
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu2 siu3
- Guangdong Romanization: fu2 xiu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː³⁵ siːu̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-chhiò
- Tâi-lô: khóo-tshiò
- Phofsit Daibuun: qofchioix
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰio²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰio⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰio²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰio¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɤ²¹/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
[edit]苦笑
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
苦 | 笑 |
く Grade: 3 |
しょう Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Verb
[edit]苦笑する • (kushō suru) suru (stem 苦笑し (kushō shi), past 苦笑した (kushō shita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "苦笑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 苦笑し | くしょうし | kushō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 苦笑し | くしょうし | kushō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 苦笑する | くしょうする | kushō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 苦笑する | くしょうする | kushō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 苦笑すれ | くしょうすれ | kushō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 苦笑せよ¹ 苦笑しろ² |
くしょうせよ¹ くしょうしろ² |
kushō seyo¹ kushō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 苦笑される | くしょうされる | kushō sareru | |
Causative | 苦笑させる 苦笑さす |
くしょうさせる くしょうさす |
kushō saseru kushō sasu | |
Potential | 苦笑できる | くしょうできる | kushō dekiru | |
Volitional | 苦笑しよう | くしょうしよう | kushō shiyō | |
Negative | 苦笑しない | くしょうしない | kushō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 苦笑せず | くしょうせず | kushō sezu | |
Formal | 苦笑します | くしょうします | kushō shimasu | |
Perfective | 苦笑した | くしょうした | kushō shita | |
Conjunctive | 苦笑して | くしょうして | kushō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 苦笑すれば | くしょうすれば | kushō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
See also
[edit]- 苦笑い (nigawarai)
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 苦
- Chinese terms spelled with 笑
- Japanese terms spelled with 苦 read as く
- Japanese terms spelled with 笑 read as しょう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs