莙薘

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (莙薘)		莙	薘
simp. (莙荙)		莙	荙
alternative forms		君達／君达 軍薘／军荙 軍達／军达

Etymology

Attested since the 5^th century CE. The Jingxingji of the 8^th century records that this vegetable was produced in the country of Mo-lu 末禄 (< *Mar-luk), perhaps referring to Merv in modern-day Turkmenistan.

It is an Iranian loan, corresponding to Middle Persian forms of the type of *gundar or *gundur (Laufer, 1967). Compare modern Persian چغندر (čoğondar, “beet”), Turkmen şuğundyr, etc.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jūndá, jùndá

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ ㄉㄚˊ, ㄐㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwan¹ daat⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jūndá
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ ㄉㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyundá
    • Wade–Giles: chün¹-ta²
    • Yale: jyūn-dá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiundar
    • Palladius: цзюньда (czjunʹda)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ tä³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jùndá
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyùndá
    • Wade–Giles: chün⁴-ta²
    • Yale: jyùn-dá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunndar
    • Palladius: цзюньда (czjunʹda)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹ tä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwan¹ daat⁶
    • Yale: gwān daaht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwan¹ daat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: guen¹ dad⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐn⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: kjun dat

Rime
Character	莙	薘
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	舉云切	唐割切
Baxter	kjun	dat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨun/	/dɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kiun/	/dɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuən/	/dɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kun/	/dat̚/
Li Rong	/kiuən/	/dɑt̚/
Wang Li	/kĭuən/	/dɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uən/	/dʱɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jūn	dá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan1	daat6

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 莙薘

1. (～菜) chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris)

Derived terms

(deprecated template usage)