赤い

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
あか
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Etymology

From the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Cognate with 明るい (akarui, bright).

Medial voiceless plosives, like /-k-/, underwent voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/. As this intervocalic sound-change did not occur before /-a/(Hamano, 2000)[1], Middle Japanese /akaki/ became /akai/ 赤い.

⟨akaki1 → */akakʲi/ → */akagʲi/ → */akaɣi/ → */akaji/ → */akai/.

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "赤い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 赤く かく [àkákú]
Terminal (終止形) 赤い かい
[àkáí]
[àkáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 赤い かい [àkáí]
Key constructions
Informal negative 赤くない かくな [àkákúnáꜜì]
Informal past 赤かった かった [àkáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 赤くなかった かくなかった [àkákúnáꜜkàttà]
Formal 赤いです いです [àkáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 赤くて くて [àkáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 赤ければ ければ [àkáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(あか) (akai-i (adverbial (あか) (akaku))

  1. the color red
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 9:
      Acai. アカイ (赤い) 赤い(もの).

Inflection

References

  1. ^ Hamano, S. Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9: 207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295
  2. ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

Further reading