ꜣpd

Egyptian

Other romanization schemes

Manuel de Codage	Apd
Gardiner (1927)	ꜣpd
Erman & Grapow (1926)	ꜣpd
Lepsius (1874)	apeṭ

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/ → /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/ → /ˈʔaːpətʼ/ → /ˈʔoːpətʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːpVtʼ/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔaːpətʼ/
• (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔoːpətʼ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑpɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: aped

Noun

 m

1. a bird in general
   • Tomb of Senbi, Rock Tombs at Meir:

     ꜥmꜥꜣ r ꜣpdw

     Throwing at the birds.

2. small waterfowl, perhaps particularly a duck

Usage notes

Note that the bird hieroglyph is G38 , not the nearly identical G39 .

As a word for birds in general, ꜣpd is found contrasted against words for fish, beetles, etc. In Late Egyptian the word is commonly used in similes for helplessness, wherein people are likened to captured or bound birds.

Inflection

Declension of ꜣpd (masculine)

singular	ꜣpd
dual	ꜣpdwj
plural	ꜣpdw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣpd  

ꜣpd	ꜣpd	jpd
abbreviation	abbreviation in the offering formula	sporadic

Derived terms

• ꜣpdwt
• ꜣpd ḏrḏr
• grg-ꜣpd

Descendants

• Demotic Egyptian: jpt
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲉⲧ (ōbet)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt), ⲱϥⲧ (ōft)
  • → Ancient Greek: -ωβτ (-ōbt)

See also

• 𓅬, 𓅿

Proper noun

 m

1. (astronomy) a constellation, literally ‘the Bird’, corresponding to modern Triangulum and Perseus

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣpd  

ꜣpd

[20th Dynasty]

from Thebes, Bab el Meluk, Tomb IX, ceiling inscriptions, southern section

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to come hastening, to rush onward (+ r: to, towards) [18th Dynasty; with preposition, Greco-Roman Period]
2. (intransitive, of the heart) to beat more quickly out of love [Late Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣpd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣpd, geminated stem: ꜣpdd

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ꜣpd ꜣpdw, ꜣpd ꜣpdt ꜣpd ꜣpd ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ꜣpd ḥr ꜣpd m ꜣpd r ꜣpd suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect ꜣpd.n consecutive ꜣpd.jn terminative ꜣpdt perfective3 ꜣpd obligative1 ꜣpd.ḫr imperfective ꜣpd prospective3 ꜣpd potentialis1 ꜣpd.kꜣ subjunctive ꜣpd verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect ꜣpd.n — — perfective ꜣpd ꜣpd ꜣpd, ꜣpdw5, ꜣpdy5 imperfective ꜣpd, ꜣpdy, ꜣpdw5 ꜣpd, ꜣpdj6, ꜣpdy6 ꜣpd, ꜣpdw5 prospective ꜣpd, ꜣpdtj7 ꜣpdtj4, ꜣpdt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣpd  

ꜣpd	ꜣpt
[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
in hieratic

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive, hapax legomenon) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [Late Period]
   1. to copulate with
   2. to hasten to, to rush to
   • 305 BCE, The Songs of Isis and Nephthys (pBremner-Rhind, British Museum EA10188,2), 5.22–5.27:

     …

     
     
     

     m ḥrw r pr.k wsjr […] pꜣ kꜣ-wr nbt-nḏmnḏm ꜣpd.k snj.k ꜣst ḫrs.k stwtj jrj [ḥꜥw.s] ḥpt.s tw nn ḥr.k r.s

     Don’t go far from your house, Osiris. […] O Great Bull, Lord of Sexual Pleasure! Hurry to^?/Copulate with^? your sister Isis, drive out the pain-substance attached to [her body]: she will embrace you, you won’t draw away from her.

Usage notes

Perhaps identical with the above intransitive verb ‘to rush onward’, with an omission of the following preposition r.

Noun

 m

1. alternative form of jpdw (“furniture”)

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 9.5–9.9, 9.11–9.14
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962), A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 3
• Faulkner, Raymond (1952) “ꜣpd = ‘duck’” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 38, p. 128