ꜣr

Egyptian[edit]

2-lit.

(transitive) to drive off, to repulse (+ ḥr or m: from) [since the Middle Kingdom]
(transitive) to harry or oppress (the poor)

Conjugation of ꜣr (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣr, geminated stem: ꜣrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜣr	ꜣrw, ꜣr	ꜣrt	ꜣr, j.ꜣr	ꜣr, j.ꜣr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜣr	ḥr ꜣr	m ꜣr	r ꜣr

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ꜣr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣr	ꜣrr, ꜣrrj⁶, ꜣr², ꜣrw^{2 5}, ꜣry^{2 5}
imperfective	j.ꜣr¹, ꜣr, ꜣry, ꜣrw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.ꜣr¹, j.ꜣrw^{1 5}, ꜣr, ꜣrj⁶, ꜣry⁶	ꜣr, ꜣrw⁵
prospective	ꜣr, ꜣrtj⁷	—	ꜣrtj⁴, ꜣrt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣr

ꜣr

jr

ꜣjr

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 11.9–11.16
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 3