-che

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

• -elche (see notes below)
• -je (Ripuarian only; see notes below)

Etymology

From Old High German -ihhīn, from Proto-Germanic *-ikīną, a double diminutive, from *-ikaz + *-īną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕə/

Suffix

-che (plural -cher)

1. forms a diminutive noun

   ‎Stadt (“town, city”) + ‎-che → ‎Städtche (“little town”)

Usage notes

• Generally, all diminutive nouns are neuter, but some dialects may still follow the older rule of treating diminutives according to the gender of the basic noun (as in Luxembourgish).
• Nouns whose stem ends in a back consonant, namely -ch, -g, -k, -ng, or -sch, regularly use the extended suffix -elche: Bröck (“bridge”) → Bröggelche. However, in Ripuarian an etymological distinction is usually followed, according to which the extended suffix follows only original back consonants but not ones that derive from Old High German (OHG) alveolars; hence: Weng (“wine”) from OHG wīn → Wengche (not *Wengelche); Wursch (“sausage”) from OHG wurst → Würschje (not *Würschelche).
• After -f, -s, -ß, -v, and -sch (if applicable), the suffix -che becomes -je in Ripuarian, but not in Moselle Franconian; hence: Foß (“foot”) → Ripurian Fößje, Moselle Franconian Feeßche.

Derived terms

Central Franconian terms suffixed with -che

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Nivaclé

Alternative forms

• -iche
• -que
• -e

Suffix

-che (plural -chei)

1. feminine suffix

   ‎nivacle (“man”) + ‎-che → ‎nivacche (“woman”)

Usage notes

• The principal allomorph -che can also prepend an epenthetic i when is attached to a noun ending with two consonants.
• After m, o and ô the allomorph -que is used.
• In addition to the above, there is also a rare allomorph -e which normally (but not always) applies to nouns already derived via a suffix.

See also

• -a

References

• Fabre, Alain (2016) Gramática de la lengua Nivacle (familia Mataguayo, Chaco Paraguayo) (Lincom Studies in Native American Linguistics 78) (in Spanish), Munich: Lincom, →ISBN.

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Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Old High German -ihhīn, from Proto-Germanic *-ikīną, a double diminutive, from *-ikaz + *-īną. Compare German -chen, Dutch -ke.

Suffix

-che (plural -cher)

1. (diminutive) -let, -ling, -kin

Derived terms

Pennsylvania German terms suffixed with -che