Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰréh₂tēr

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ˈb̤rax.tɛːr/

Noun

*bʰréh₂tēr m

1. brother

Declension

Acrostatic inflection, apparently with no ablaut of the root.

Inflection of *bʰréh₂tēr
	singular	dual	plural
Nominative	*bʰréh₂tēr	—	*bʰréh₂teres
Vocative	*bʰréh₂ter	—	*bʰréh₂teres
Accusative	*bʰréh₂term̥	—	*bʰréh₂tr̥ns
Instrumental	*bʰréh₂tr(e)h₁	—	*bʰréh₂tr̥bʰis
Dative	*bʰréh₂trey	—	*bʰréh₂tr̥bʰos
Ablative	*bʰréh₂tr̥s	—	*bʰréh₂tr̥bʰos
Genitive	*bʰréh₂tr̥s	—	*bʰréh₂trom
Locative	*bʰréh₂tr̥(i)	—	*bʰréh₂tr̥su

Related terms

• *méh₂tēr
• *ph₂tḗr
• *dʰugh₂tḗr

• *suHnús
• *swésōr
• *átta

Descendants

• Anatolian:
  • Lydian: 𐤡𐤭𐤠𐤱𐤭𐤳𐤦𐤳 (prafršiš) (brafrsis; stem brafr-)
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: եղբայր (ełbayr), genitive եղբաւր (ełbawr)
• Balto-Slavic:
  • Latvian: brālis
  • Lithuanian: brolis, broterėlis
  • Old Prussian: brāti
  • Slavic: *bratrъ, *bratъ (see there for further descendants)
• Celtic: *brātīr (see there for further descendants)
• Germanic: *brōþēr (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic: *pʰrā́tēr
  • Ancient Greek: φράτηρ (phrátēr)
    • Ionic Greek: φρήτωρ (phrḗtōr)
    • Doric Greek: φρατήρ (phratḗr)
• Indo-Iranian: *bʰrātr-
  • Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (brātar-)
    • Balochi: برات (barát), برادر (barādar)
    • Kurdish:
      • Kurmanji: , ,
      • Sorani:
    • Mazandarani: برار (birâr)
    • Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐎠𐎫𐎼 (brātar-)
      • Middle Persian: AH / blʾt' (brād), blʾtl (brādar)
        • Persian: برادر (birādar, barādar)
    • Ossetian:
      • Digor: ӕрвадӕ (ærvadæ)
      • Iron: ӕрвад (ærvad)
    • Parthian: brād, brādar
    • Zazaki:
  • Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ) (bhrātṛ), भ्राता (bhrātā) (bhrātā)
      • Bengali: ভাই (bhai), ভ্রাতা (bhrata)
      • Gujarati: ભાઈ (bhāī)
      • Hindi: भ्रातृ (bhrātŕ) (bhrātṛ), भ्राता (bhrātā) (bhrātā), भाई (bhāī)
      • Romani: phral (Kalderash)
      • Telugu: భ్రాత (bhrāta)
      • Urdu: بھراتر (bhrātṛ), بھراتا (bhrātā)
• Italic: *frātēr
  • Latin: frāter (see there for further descendants)
  • Oscan: fratrúm
  • Umbrian: fratrom
• Phrygian: βρατερε (bratere) (bratere) (dative singular)
• Tocharian: *prɔcër
  • Tocharian A: pracar
  • Tocharian B: procer