pecar

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin peccāre, present active infinitive of peccō.

Verb

pecar (first-person singular indicative present peco, past participle pecáu)

1. to sin

Conjugation

Conjugation of pecar

infinitive		pecar
gerund		pecando
past participle		m pecáu, f pecada, n pecao, m pl pecaos, f pl pecaes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	peco	peques	peca	pecamos	pecáis	pequen
	imperfect	pecaba	pecabes	pecaba	pecábemos, pecábamos	pecabeis, pecabais	pecaben
	preterite	pequé	pecasti, pequesti	pecó	pequemos	pecastis, pequestis	pecaron
	pluperfect	pecare, pecara	pecares, pecaras	pecare, pecara	pecáremos, pecáramos	pecareis, pecarais	pecaren, pecaran
	future	pecaré	pecarás	pecará	pecaremos	pecaréis	pecarán
	conditional	pecaría	pecaríes	pecaría	pecaríemos, pecaríamos	pecaríeis, pecaríais	pecaríen
subjunctive	present	peque	peques, pecas	peque	pequemos	pequéis	pequen, pecan
	imperfect	pecare, pecara	pecares, pecaras	pecare, pecara	pecáremos, pecáramos	pecareis, pecarais	pecaren, pecaran
imperative		—	peca	—	—	pecái	—

Related terms

• pecáu

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Catalan

Etymology

From Old Catalan pec(c)ar, from Latin peccāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [pəˈka]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [peˈkaɾ]
• Homophone: pecà
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

pecar (first-person singular present peco, first-person singular preterite pequí, past participle pecat)

1. to sin

Related terms

• pecador
• pecat

 

References

• “pecar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “pecar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “pecar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “pecar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Galician-Portuguese pecar, from Latin peccāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [peˈkaɾ]

Verb

1. (intransitive) to sin

Related terms

• pecado
• pecador

 

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “pecar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “pecar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “pecar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “pecar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “pecar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

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Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan peccar, from Latin peccāre, present active infinitive of peccō.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

pecar

1. to sin (commit a sin)

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		pecar			aver pecat
gerund		pecant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		pecat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	pequi	pecas	peca	pecam	pecatz	pecan
	imperfect	pecavi	pecavas	pecava	pecàvem	pecàvetz	pecavan
	preterite	pequèri	pequères	pequèt	pequèrem	pequèretz	pequèron
	future	pecarai	pecaràs	pecarà	pecarem	pecaretz	pecaràn
	conditional	pecariái	pecariás	pecariá	pecariam	pecariatz	pecarián
	conditional 2nd form1	pequèra	pequèras	pequèra	pequeram	pequeratz	pequèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	peque	peques	peque	pequem	pequetz	pequen
	imperfect	pequèssi	pequèsses	pequèsse	pequèssem	pequèssetz	pequèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			peca		pequem	pecatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		pecar			aver pecat
gerund		pecant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		pecat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	peque	peques	peca	pecam	pecatz	pecon
	imperfect	pecave	pecaves	pecava	pecaviam	pecaviatz	pecavon
	preterite	pequere	pequeres	pequet	pequem	pequetz	pequeron
	future	pecarai	pecaràs	pecará	pecarem	pecaretz	pecarán
	conditional	pecariá	pecariás	pecariá	pecariam	pecariatz	pecarián
	conditional 2nd form1	pequèra	pequèras	pequèra	pequeram	pequeratz	pequèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	peque	peques	peque	pecassiam	pecassiatz	pecon
	imperfect	pequesse	pequesses	pequesse	pequessiam	pequessiatz	pequesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			peca		pecassiam	pecatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		pecar			aver pecat
gerund		pecant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		pecat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	pequi	pecas	peca	pecam	pecatz	pecan
	imperfect	pecavi	pecavas	pecava	pecàvam	pecàvatz	pecavan
	preterite	pequèi	pequès	pequè	pequèm	pequètz	pequèn
	future	pecarèi	pecaràs	pecarà	pecaram	pecaratz	pecaràn
	conditional	pecarí	pecarés	pecaré	pecarem	pecaretz	pecarén
	conditional 2nd form1	pequèra	pequèras	pequèra	pequeram	pequeratz	pequèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	pequi	peques	peque	pequem	pequetz	pequen
	imperfect	pequèssi	pequèsses	pequèsse	pequèssem	pequèssetz	pequèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			peca		pequem	pecatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		pecar			aver pecat
gerund		pecant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		pecat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	peque	pecas	peca	pecam	pecatz	pecan
	imperfect	pecava	pecavas	pecava	pecàvam	pecàvatz	pecavan
	preterite	pequei	pequeras	pequet	pequèram	pequèratz	pequeran
	future	pecarai	pecaràs	pecará	pecarem	pecaretz	pecarán
	conditional	pecariá	pecariàs	pecariá	pecariam	pecariatz	pecarián
	conditional 2nd form1	pequèra	pequèras	pequèra	pequeram	pequeratz	pequèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	peque	peques	peque	pequem	pequetz	pequen
	imperfect	pequèsse	pequèsses	pequèsse	pequèssem	pequèssetz	pequèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			peca		pequem	pecatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		pecar			aver pecat
gerund		pecant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		pecat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	peque	peques	peca	pecam	pecatz	pecan
	imperfect	pecavi	pecavas	pecava	pecàvem	pecàvetz	pecavan
	preterite	pequère	pequères	pequèt	pequeriam	pequeriatz	pequèron
	future	pecarai	pecaràs	pecarà	pecarem	pecaretz	pecaràn
	conditional	pecariáu	pecariás	pecariá	pecariam	pecariatz	pecarián
	conditional 2nd form1	pequèra	pequèras	pequèra	pequeram	pequeratz	pequèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	peque	peques	peque	pequem	pequetz	pecan
	imperfect	pequèsse	pequèsses	pequèsse	pequessiam	pequessiatz	pequèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			peca		pequem	pecatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Related terms

• pecador
• pecat

 

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Portuguese

Alternative forms

• peccar (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese pecar, from Latin peccāre, present active infinitive of peccō (“I sin”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe.ˈka(ɹ)/
• IPA^(key): /pe.ˈka(ɻ)/

Verb

1. (theology) to sin (commit a sin)

   Synonym: errar

2. to commit a misdeed
3. Template:pt-verb-form-of

Derived terms

• ser melhor pecar por excesso

Related terms

• pecabilidade
• pecadilho
• pecado
• pecador
• pecaminosamente
• pecaminosidade
• pecaminoso
• pecante

 

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Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish pecar, borrowed from Latin peccāre, present active infinitive of peccō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peˈkaɾ/ [peˈkaɾ]

Verb

pecar (first-person singular present peco, first-person singular preterite pequé, past participle pecado)

1. to sin

Conjugation

    Conjugation of pecar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			pecar
gerund			pecando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		pecado		pecada
		plural		pecados		pecadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	peco	pecastú pecásvos	peca	pecamos	pecáis	pecan
	imperfect	pecaba	pecabas	pecaba	pecábamos	pecabais	pecaban
	preterite	pequé	pecaste	pecó	pecamos	pecasteis	pecaron
	future	pecaré	pecarás	pecará	pecaremos	pecaréis	pecarán
	conditional	pecaría	pecarías	pecaría	pecaríamos	pecaríais	pecarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	peque	pequestú pequésvos2	peque	pequemos	pequéis	pequen
	imperfect (ra)	pecara	pecaras	pecara	pecáramos	pecarais	pecaran
	imperfect (se)	pecase	pecases	pecase	pecásemos	pecaseis	pecasen
	future1	pecare	pecares	pecare	pecáremos	pecareis	pecaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		pecatú pecávos	peque	pequemos	pecad	pequen
	negative		no peques	no peque	no pequemos	no pequéis	no pequen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of pecar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive pecar
	dative	pecarme	pecarte	pecarle, pecarse	pecarnos	pecaros	pecarles, pecarse
	accusative	pecarme	pecarte	pecarlo, pecarla, pecarse	pecarnos	pecaros	pecarlos, pecarlas, pecarse
with gerund pecando
	dative	pecándome	pecándote	pecándole, pecándose	pecándonos	pecándoos	pecándoles, pecándose
	accusative	pecándome	pecándote	pecándolo, pecándola, pecándose	pecándonos	pecándoos	pecándolos, pecándolas, pecándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative peca
	dative	pécame	pécate	pécale	pécanos	not used	pécales
	accusative	pécame	pécate	pécalo, pécala	pécanos	not used	pécalos, pécalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative pecá
	dative	pecame	pecate	pecale	pecanos	not used	pecales
	accusative	pecame	pecate	pecalo, pecala	pecanos	not used	pecalos, pecalas
with formal second-person singular imperative peque
	dative	péqueme	not used	péquele, péquese	péquenos	not used	péqueles
	accusative	péqueme	not used	péquelo, péquela, péquese	péquenos	not used	péquelos, péquelas
with first-person plural imperative pequemos
	dative	not used	pequémoste	pequémosle	pequémonos	pequémoos	pequémosles
	accusative	not used	pequémoste	pequémoslo, pequémosla	pequémonos	pequémoos	pequémoslos, pequémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative pecad
	dative	pecadme	not used	pecadle	pecadnos	pecaos	pecadles
	accusative	pecadme	not used	pecadlo, pecadla	pecadnos	pecaos	pecadlos, pecadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative pequen
	dative	péquenme	not used	péquenle	péquennos	not used	péquenles, péquense
	accusative	péquenme	not used	péquenlo, péquenla	péquennos	not used	péquenlos, péquenlas, péquense

Derived terms

• pecar de prudente
• tanto peca el que mata a la vaca como el que le agarra la pata

Related terms

• pecadillo
• pecado
• pecador
• pecaminoso
• pecante

 

References

• Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “pecar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Gredos, page 450

Further reading

• “pecar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014