Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/učiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auˀkīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁owk-éye-ti, from *h₁ewk-. Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian jaukìnti, jaukinù (“to tame, to domesticate”), Latvian jaûcêt (“to accustom”), Old Prussian iaukint (“to exercise”). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit उच्यति (ucyati, “to be accustomed to”), Old Armenian ուսանիմ (usanim, “to learn”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biūhts, “accustomed to”).

Derksen has a complex discussion of the possible origin of the acute tone in Balto-Slavic, boiling down to a suggestion by Frederik Kortlandt that initial *u- yielded Balto-Slavic acute under certain conditions.

Verb

*učiti impf (perfective *vyknǫti)

1. to teach

Conjugation

Conjugation of *učiti, *uči, *učitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*učenьje	*učiti	*učitъ	*učilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*učenъ	*učimъ
Active	*učь	*učę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*učixъ	*uči	*uči	*učǫ	*učiši	*učitь
Dual	*učixově	*učista	*učiste	*učivě	*učita	*učite
Plural	*učixomъ	*učiste	*učišę	*učimъ	*učite	*učętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*učaaxъ	*učaaše	*učaaše	—	*uči	*uči
Dual	*učaaxově	*učaašeta	*učaašete	*učivě	*učita	—
Plural	*učaaxomъ	*učaašete	*učaaxǫ	*učimъ	*učite	—

Notes:
• (*)*učivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *nauka (“science, teachings”)
• *naučьnъ (“scientific”)
• *pouka (“moral (of a story), lesson”)
• *bezukъ (“uneducated”)
• *neukъ (“unthought”)
• *vyknǫti (“to get used to”)
• *navykъ (“habit”)
• *obyčь (“affection, fondness”)
• *obyčajь (“custom, tradition”)
• *obyčajьnъ (“traditional, usual”)

Derived terms

Derived terms (16)

• *učenьje (“education”), *učenikъ m, *učeničьka f (“student”)
• *neučь
• +*jьz (“out of”): *jьzučiti (“to study”)
• +*na (“on”): *naučiti (“to learn”), *naučati, *naučenьje, *naučiteljь, *naučьnikъ
• +*ob (“about”): *obučiti (“to train”), *obučati, *obučenьje
• +*za (“for”): *zaučiti (“to coach, to tally”)
• +*po (“upon, by”): *poučiti (“to preach, to enlighten”)
• +*pri (“unto”): *priučiti (“to get accustomed to”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: учити (učiti) (accent paradigm c)
    • Belarusian: вучы́ць (vučýcʹ)
    • Russian: учи́ть (učítʹ), 1sg. учу́ (učú), 3sg. у́чит (účit)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: учи́ти (učýty)
    • Ukrainian: учи́ти (učýty), вчи́ти (včýty)
  • Old Novgorodian: оуцити (uciti)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: оучити (učiti), 1sg. оучѫ (učǫ)

  • Bulgarian: у́ча (úča)
  • Macedonian: учи (uči)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: у̀чити

    Latin: ùčiti

  • Slovene: učíti (tonal orthography), 1sg. učím (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: učiti
    • Czech: učit
  • Old Polish: uczyć
    • Polish: uczyć
  • Slovak: učiť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wučić
    • Lower Sorbian: wucyś

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*učìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 506
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “учить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьzučiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 85
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1996), “*naučiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 23 (*narodьnъjь – *navijakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 191
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2003), “*obučiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 30 (*obsojьnikъ – *obvedьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 238
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bezukъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 48