Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/braudą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Disputed. Probably a conflation of Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, seethe”) (see brew) and Proto-Indo-European *bʰera- (“to cut, scratch, split, rub, beat, hew, struggle”) (see brittle and brothel). More at bread.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrɑu̯.ðɑ̃/

Noun

*braudą n

1. fragment, piece
2. bread

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *braudą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*braudą	*braudō
vocative	*braudą	*braudō
accusative	*braudą	*braudō
genitive	*braudas, *braudis	*braudǫ̂
dative	*braudai	*braudamaz
instrumental	*braudō	*braudamiz

Usage notes

According to Kluge, *hlaibaz probably referred to unleavened bread, whereas *braudą (sharing the root of *brewwaną (“to brew”)) was the more modern leavened bread.

Descendants

• Old English: brēad, brēod
  • Middle English: bred, bredd, brede, breed, breede, breid, brid; bread, bræd; bryad, bryead
    • English: bread
      • Bislama: bred
      • Sranan Tongo: brede
        • Aukan: beele
        • Saramaccan: bëë́ë
        • → Kari'na: perere
      • Tok Pisin: bret
      • → Fiji Hindi: bareed
      • → Marshallese: būreej
      • → Yoruba: búrẹ́dì
    • Geordie English: breed
    • Scots: breid
    • Yola: breed
• Old Frisian: brād
  • North Frisian: brûad
  • Saterland Frisian: Brood
  • West Frisian: brea
• Old Saxon: brōd
  • Middle Low German: brōd, brōt
    • Low German: Broot
    • Plautdietsch: Broot
• Old Dutch: *brōd
  • Middle Dutch: brôot
    • Dutch: brood
      • Afrikaans: brood
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: broto
      • Jersey Dutch: brôt
      • Negerhollands: brood, brot
      • Skepi Creole Dutch: brot
    • Limburgish: broead
• Old High German: brōt, prot, prooth, *brōd — northern variant
  • Middle High German: brōt, brōd
    • Alemannic German: Brot

      Italian Walser: brot, broud, bruat, bròt, bröt

    • Bavarian: Brout, proat

      Cimbrian: proat, pròat (Sette Comuni)

      Mòcheno: proat

    • Central Franconian: Brot, Brut

      Hunsrik: Brod, proot

      Luxembourgish: Brout

    • German: Brot
    • Pennsylvania German: Brot
    • Vilamovian: brūt
    • Yiddish: ברויט (broyt)
• Old Norse: brauð
  • Icelandic: brauð
  • Faroese: breyð
  • Norn: brow, brau
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: braud
  • Elfdalian: broð
  • Old Swedish: brø̄þ
    • Swedish: bröd
      • Elfdalian: bröð
  • Old Danish: brøth
    • Danish: brød
      • Norwegian Bokmål: brød
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: brød (also through Bokmål)
• Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸 (*brauþ)
  • → Crimean Gothic: broe
  • → Catalan: broa
  • → Old Galician-Portuguese: borõa
    • Portuguese: broa
    • Galician: broa

References

• Kluge, F. and E. Seebold (2002), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 24., durchgesehene und erweiterte Auflage, bearbeitet von Elmar Seebold, (on CD-ROM), Berlin. Entry Laib.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 715f