Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/buttaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *butaz

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbut.tɑz/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰudnós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, push”), an extension of *bʰew- (“to blow, swell”).

Adjective

*buttaz

1. (West Germanic) cut off; chopped; stumpy

Inflection

Declension of *buttaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*buttaz	*buttai	*buttō	*buttôz	*buttą, -atō	*buttō
Accusative	*buttanǭ	*buttanz	*buttǭ	*buttōz	*buttą, -atō	*buttō
Genitive	*buttas, -is	*buttaizǫ̂	*buttaizōz	*buttaizǫ̂	*buttas, -is	*buttaizǫ̂
Dative	*buttammai	*buttaimaz	*buttaizōi	*buttaimaz	*buttammai	*buttaimaz
Instrumental	*buttanō	*buttaimiz	*buttaizō	*buttaimiz	*buttanō	*buttaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*buttô	*buttaniz	*buttǭ	*buttōniz	*buttô	*buttōnō
Accusative	*buttanų	*buttanunz	*buttōnų	*buttōnunz	*buttô	*buttōnō
Genitive	*buttiniz	*buttanǫ̂	*buttōniz	*buttōnǫ̂	*buttiniz	*buttanǫ̂
Dative	*buttini	*buttammaz	*buttōni	*buttōmaz	*buttini	*buttammaz
Instrumental	*buttinē	*buttammiz	*buttōnē	*buttōmiz	*buttinē	*buttammiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *butt
  • Old Frisian: *butt, *but
    • Saterland Frisian: but
    • West Frisian: bot
  • Old Saxon: *butt
    • Middle Low German: but, butt
      • German Low German: butt
  • Old Dutch: *butt
    • Middle Dutch: butte, but, bot
      • Dutch: bot
  • → Old French: bot
    • ⇒? Old French: bote
      • Middle French: botte
        • French: botte
      • → Middle English: bote
        • English: boot

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós (“bottom”), later thematic variant of *bʰudʰmḗn ~ *bʰudʰn-, perhaps from *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”).

Noun

*buttaz m

1. end; piece

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *buttaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*buttaz	*buttōz, *buttōs
vocative	*butt	*buttōz, *buttōs
accusative	*buttą	*buttanz
genitive	*buttas, *buttis	*buttǫ̂
dative	*buttai	*buttamaz
instrumental	*buttō	*buttamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *butt
  • Old English: *butt (attested in diminutive buttuc); bytt, byt
    • Middle English: butte, but
      • Scots: butt
      • English: but, butt
    • Anglo-Latin: butta
  • Old Frisian: butie
  • Old Saxon: *butt
    • Middle Low German: *butt, butken
      • Low German: butt; Butte, Bütte
        • → German: Butt, Steinbutt
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: butt
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: butt
      • → Danish: but
  • Old Dutch: *butt, *but
    • Middle Dutch: but, botte, bot
      • Dutch: bot
  • → Old French: bot, bout; bote
    • Middle French: bute, butte
      • French: butte
        • → English: butte
    • → Dutch: bot
    • → Middle English: bote
      • English: boot
    • → Spanish: boto
  • Old High German: *butz, *buz; *butzo, *buzzo
    • Middle High German: butze
      • German: Butzen; (putzen?)
• Old Norse: butr, bútr
  • Icelandic: bútur
  • Old Swedish: buter
    • Swedish: but (archaic)
  • → Old French: but
    • Middle French: but
      • French: but