Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niwjaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *néwyos (“new”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈniu̯.jɑz/

Adjective

*niwjaz (comparative *niwizô, superlative *niwistaz)

1. new

Inflection

Declension of *niwjaz (ja-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*niwjaz	*niwjai	*niwjō	*niwjôz	*niwją, -atō	*niwjō
Accusative	*niwjanǭ	*niwjanz	*niwjǭ	*niwjōz	*niwją, -atō	*niwjō
Genitive	*niwjas, -is	*niwjaizǫ̂	*niwjaizōz	*niwjaizǫ̂	*niwjas, -is	*niwjaizǫ̂
Dative	*niwjammai	*niwjaimaz	*niwjaizōi	*niwjaimaz	*niwjammai	*niwjaimaz
Instrumental	*niwjanō	*niwjaimiz	*niwjaizō	*niwjaimiz	*niwjanō	*niwjaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*niwjô	*niwjaniz	*niwjǭ	*niwjōniz	*niwjô	*niwjōnō
Accusative	*niwjanų	*niwjanunz	*niwjōnų	*niwjōnunz	*niwjô	*niwjōnō
Genitive	*niwiniz	*niwjanǫ̂	*niwjōniz	*niwjōnǫ̂	*niwiniz	*niwjanǫ̂
Dative	*niwini	*niwjammaz	*niwjōni	*niwjōmaz	*niwini	*niwjammaz
Instrumental	*niwinē	*niwjammiz	*niwjōnē	*niwjōmiz	*niwinē	*niwjammiz

Derived terms

• *niwiþō
• *niwjalīkaz
• *niwjaną
• *niwjōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *niwi
  • Old English: nīewe, nīwe, nēowe, nīowe
    • Middle English: newe, new, neue
      • English: new
      • Scots: new
  • Old Frisian: nīe
    • North Frisian: nei
    • Saterland Frisian: näi
    • West Frisian: nij
  • Old Saxon: niuwi
    • Middle Low German: nîe, nîge, nü̂we
      • Dutch Low Saxon: nij
      • German Low German: nü, nüe, nii, nee, neei
      • Plautdietsch: nie
  • Old Dutch: niuwi
    • Middle Dutch: niewe, neuwe, newe, niwe, nuwe, niew
      • Dutch: nieuw, nie (Eastern Netherlands), nij (Frisian, eastern & northern Netherlands), nieuwt (dialectal, originally neuter), nouw (Holland, dialectal), nuw (Holland), nuwt (Holland, dialectal, originally neuter)
        • Afrikaans: nuwe, nuut
        • Javindo: nuwe
        • Jersey Dutch: njuew
        • Negerhollands: nieuw, niw
      • Limburgish: nuuj
  • Old High German: niuwi, niuwe, niwe, niwi, nuwi
    • Middle High German: niuwe, neu, new, newe, niu, niwe, nue, nuge, nuwe, nüewe, núwe, nůw, nůwe
      • Alemannic German: nüüw, nöi, nüü
        • Alsatian: nèi
        • Swabian: nei
        • Walser: niw, niww, nu
      • Bavarian: nei, neich
        • Cimbrian: nòjar, nauk, naüge
        • Gottscheerish: nai
        • Hianzisch: neich
        • Mòcheno: nai
        • Udinese: naie, naje, noi
      • Central Franconian: nei, neu
        • Hunsrik: nei
        • Kölsch: neu
        • Transylvanian Saxon: na
      • East Central German:
        • Silesian East Central German: neu
        • Upper Saxon German: nei
          • Erzgebirgisch: nei
      • East Franconian: nei, neu
      • German: neu
      • Luxembourgish: nei
      • Rhine Franconian:
        • Hessian: nei, neu
        • Palatine German: nau, nei, neu
        • Pennsylvania German: nei
      • Vilamovian: noj
      • Yiddish: נײַ (nay)
      • Zipser German: nai, neu
• Proto-Norse: *ᚾᛁᚢᛃᚨᛉ (*niujaʀ)
  • ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚾᛁᚢᛃᛁᛚᚨ (niujila), ᚾᛁᚢᚹᛁᛚᚨ (niuwila)
  • Old Norse: nýr
    • Icelandic: nýr
    • Faroese: nýggjur
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: ny, (dialectal) nyr
    • Old Swedish: nȳr
      • Swedish: ny
    • Old Danish: ny
      • Danish: ny
        • Norwegian Bokmål: ny
• Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃 (niujis)