Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saiwalō
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain with several theories:
- from *saiwiz (“sea, ocean”) + *-alō, in connection to the pagan Germanic belief in sacred lakes inhabited by the dead and the unborn, compare the Sami borrowing from Germanic, *Sāvjë, a realm of the dead believed to be under special double-bottomed lakes,[1]
- from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂i-wl̥ ~ *sh₂i-wéns, possibly cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ (“strength, force; soul”), Latin saevus (“fierce”), Proto-Celtic *saitlom (“life, age”), Latin saeculum (“generation, lifetime”), perhaps either from *seh₂y- (“to bind”) or homonym *seh₂y- (“rage, fury”),[2] making it possibly again related to *saiwiz (“sea, ocean”),
- or from *s(w)ai (“self”), from Proto-Indo-European *swoy-, + *walō (“choice, will”), from Proto-Indo-European *wolh₁-eh₂, from *welh₁-.[3]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Inflection[edit]
| ō-stemDeclension of *saiwalō (ō-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *saiwalō | *saiwalôz | |
| vocative | *saiwalō | *saiwalôz | |
| accusative | *saiwalǭ | *saiwalōz | |
| genitive | *saiwalōz | *saiwalǫ̂ | |
| dative | *saiwalōi | *saiwalōmaz | |
| instrumental | *saiwalō | *saiwalōmiz | |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-West Germanic: *saiwalu
- Old English: sāwol, sāwel, sāwal, sāul, sawl, sōwhul, sawul
- Old Frisian: sēla
- Old Saxon: sēola
- Old Dutch: sēla
- Old High German: sēla
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰 (saiwala)
References[edit]
- ^ Weisweiler, Josef (1940) “Seele und See”, in Indogermanische Forschungen (in German), volume 41, , pages 25–55
- ^ Walde, Alois (1923) Indogermanische Forschungen (in German), volume 12, page 382
- ^ Mezger, Fritz (1968) “Gotisch saiwala ‘Seele’”, in Kuhns Zeitschrift (in German), volume 82, →JSTOR, page 382
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*saiwalō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 314
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*saiwalō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 423