Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tetḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Reanalyzed reduplication from *teḱ- (“to sire, beget”).

Root

*tetḱ- (imperfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

to create, produce
to cut, hew

Reconstruction notes

Before the modern deciphering of thorn clusters, this root was formerly represented as *tekþ-, *teḱþ-.^[10] This analysis has now been abandoned.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tetḱ- (55 c, 0 e)

*tḗtḱ-ti ~ *tétḱ-n̥ti (Narten imperfective)
*totḱ-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - >? Lithuanian: tašýti
*tétḱ-ō ~ *tḱ-nés (“carpenter”) (see there for further descendants)
*tetḱ-(dʰ)lo- (“adze”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *tesla, *teslò (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *tāxslos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þehslō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: tēla, tēlum (or from Proto-Indo-European *tend-)
*tetḱ-eh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *þehsō
  - Old English: þeox
  - Old High German: dehsa
    - Middle High German: dehse
      - German: Dechse
*tetḱ-sneh₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τέχνη (tékhnē) (see there for further descendants)
*tetḱ-t-o-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *taćšṭás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *taṭṣṭás
    - Sanskrit: तष्ट (taṣṭá)
  - Proto-Iranian: *taštáh
    - Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (tašta)
    - Middle Persian: tšt' (tašt), [script needed] (tʾšytk /⁠tāšīdag⁠/) (see there for further descendants)
    - Parthian: [script needed] (tʾst /⁠tāst⁠/), [script needed] (tʾstg /⁠tāstag⁠/)
      - → Persian: طاس (tâs) (see there for further descendants)
    - → Old Armenian: տաշեմ (tašem) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *testā (from *tetḱ-teh₂)
  - >? Latin: testa (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Germanic: *þēhtuz^[11]
Proto-Albanian: *tēkslā^[12]
- Proto-Albanian: *tāslā
  - Albanian: tollë
Proto-Albanian: *taksjā^[13]
- Albanian: teshë
Northern Kurdish: teşe (“form”)
Zazaki: toşe (“form”)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tetk̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 638-639
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “tašyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 459
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tesàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tesla; teslò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τέκτων”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1460
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “texō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*taš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 384-385
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “tāks-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*tāxslo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 374-375
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “tek̑þ-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1058-1059
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*þēxtaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 423
^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “tollë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 459
^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “teshë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 453

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tetk̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 638-639

[2] Derksen, Rick (2015), “tašyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 459

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tesàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tesla; teslò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τέκτων”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1460

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “texō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619

[7] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*taš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 384-385

[8] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “tāks-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

[9] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*tāxslo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 374-375

[10] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “tek̑þ-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1058-1059

[11] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*þēxtaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 423

[12] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “tollë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 459

[13] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “teshë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 453

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