Wiktionary:About Arabic/Moroccan

Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Moroccan Arabic (Darija), based on the urban koine standard spoken in Casablanca.

Letter	Romanization	IPA	Notes
ا			Used as a silent carrier for vowels in initial position, and a elsewhere. The sound a is [æː] in most positions, but [ɑː] when subject to emphasis spreading. Used for initial [ʔ] when it carries a hamza.
أ	ʾa ʾo ʾ	ʔa ʔʊ ʔ	It is used to spell a combination of glottal stop and a vowel (ʔa, ʔu), elsewhere just a glottal stop (ʔ). Always transliterate the glottal stop, including in initial position (using the ʾ character, a half-ring; do not use an apostrophe).
إ	ʾi	ʔiː
آ	ʾa	ʔaː
ب	b	b	Romanized as ḅ when used to write the emphatic form [bˤ], although some systems (e.g. Harrell's) do not mark it when there is another emphatic consonant in a word, because only the emphatic form can be found in that context. The marginal phoneme [bˤʷ] is romanized as ḅ̂, and unlike normal emphatics, is pronounced with strong pharyngealization and only affects the quality of neighboring short vowels.
پ	p	p	A marginal phoneme only found in borrowings, often pronounced as [b] and written as ب.
ت	t	tˢ	Romanized as t́ when used to write the plain form [t], a marginal phoneme only found in borrowings.
ث	t	tˢ
ج	ž	ʒ	The sound represented by this letter in MSA can sometimes correspond to [ɡ] or occasionally [d] in stems where a sibilant, lateral, or rhotic consonant also occurs. Unlike in MSA, ج is a sun letter.
ح	ḥ	ħ	Emphatic consonant.
خ	ḵ	χ	Emphatic consonant.
د	d	d
ذ	d	d
ر	r	ɾ	Romanized as ṛ when used to write the emphatic form [ɾˤ]. When geminated, it is pronounced as [r].
ز	z	z	In stems with a following ž, etymological z may harmonize to ž, in which case it may be written as ج.
س	s	s	In stems with a following š, etymological s may harmonize to š, in which case it may be written as ش.
ش	š	ʃ
ڜ	č	t͡ʃ	A marginal phoneme only found in borrowings, which may be written with a digraph, as تش.
ص	ṣ	sˤ	Emphatic consonant. In stems with a following š, etymological ṣ may harmonize to š, in which case it may be written as ش.
ض	ḍ	dˤ	Emphatic consonant.
ط	ṭ	tˤ	Emphatic consonant.
ظ	ḍ	dˤ	Emphatic consonant.
ع	ʿ	ʕ	Emphatic consonant.
غ	ḡ	ɣ	Emphatic consonant.
ف	f	f	The marginal phoneme [fˤʷ] is romanized as f̣̂, and unlike normal emphatics, is pronounced with strong pharyngealization and only affects the quality of neighboring short vowels.
ڥ	v	v	A marginal phoneme only found in borrowings, often pronounced as [f] and written as ف.
ق	q or g	q or ɡ	Unpredictable; must be specified. The Casablanca standard tends toward exclusive use of [q], but [ɡ] has been introduced through the influence of Hilalian dialects. When pronounced as [q], it is an emphatic consonant.
ك	k	k
ݣ/گ	g	ɡ
ل	l	l	Romanized as ḷ when used to write the emphatic form [lˤ].
م	m	m	Romanized as ṃ when used to write the emphatic form [mˤ], although some systems (e.g. Harrell's) do not mark it when there is another emphatic consonant in a word, because only the emphatic form can be found in that context. The marginal phoneme [mˤʷ] is romanized as ṃ̂, and unlike normal emphatics, is pronounced with strong pharyngealization and only affects the quality of neighboring short vowels.
ن	n	n
ه	h	h
و	w	w	For vowel uses, see below.
ي	y	j	For vowel uses, see below.
ى	a	æː	For allophones, see below.
ء	ʾ	ʔ	Etymological use is often silent.
Diacritics
ـَ	e or ă	ə or æ	e surfaces as [ɐ] near emphatic consonants and as [u] after w. The sound ă is used by many speakers, but only when adjacent to ḥ or ʿ, and may be replaced by e entirely for other speakers.
ـُ	o	ʊ
ـِ	e or ĭ	ə or i	For the allophones of e, see above. ĭ is a marginal phoneme only found in borrowings from MSA.
ـَو	ăw or u	aw or uː
ـُو	u	uː	u is [oː] when subject to emphasis spreading.
ـَی	ăy or i	aj or iː
ـِی	i	iː	i is [eː ~ ɨː] when subject to emphasis spreading.

References

• Dominique Caubet (2007), "Moroccan Arabic" in Kees Verstegh (ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Vol. 3. Brill, →ISBN.
• Richard Harrell (2004), A Dictionary of Moroccan Arabic: Moroccan-English. Georgetown University Press, →ISBN.
• Jan Hoogland (2013), "Towards a Standardized Orthography of Moroccan Arabic Based on Best Practices and Common Ground Among a Selection of Authors" in Paula Santillán, Luis Miguel Pérez, and Francisco Moscoso (eds.), Árabe marroquí: de la oralidad a la enseñanza. Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca.
• Janet Watson (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic. Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

Other Resources

• Richard S. Harrell, Mohammed Abu-Talib, William S. Carroll (2006), A Basic Course in Moroccan Arabic with MP3 Files.