abair

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Irish

Etymology

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(deprecated template usage)

From Middle Irish at·beir, from Old Irish as·beir, from Proto-Celtic *ess- (compare Latin ex) + *bereti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

The verbal noun is from Old Irish rád (compare Scottish Gaelic ràdh), from the verb ráidid (“talks”), from Proto-Celtic *rādīti, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“perform successfully”). Cognate with Sanskrit राध्नोति (rādhnoti, “succeeds”), Old Church Slavonic радити (raditi, “take care of, work”), Gothic 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rōdjan, “talk”), Lithuanian rodýti (“show”). The past participle is from the same stem.

Pronunciation

Verb

abair (present analytic deir, future analytic déarfaidh, verbal noun rá, past participle ráite)

  1. say, utter
  2. mean, refer to
    Ní tú a deirim. ― I don’t mean you; I’m not referring to you.
  3. (In the 2nd sing. imperative or 1st plural imperative) say, suppose (to state for illustrative or approximate purposes)
    abair is nach mbeadh sé ann ― supposing he weren’t there
    fiche punt, abair ― twenty pounds, say

Conjugation

The d-initial forms of this verb are immune to lenition. They do, however, undergo eclipsis.

conjugation of abair (irregular)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present deirim deir tú;
deireann tú;
deirir† 		deir sé, sí;
deireann sé, sí 		deirimid;
deir muid;
deireann muid 		deir sibh;
deireann sibh 		deir siad;
deireann siad;
deirid† 		a deir; a deireas; a deireann /
a ndeir*; a ndeireas*; a ndeireann* 		deirtear
past dúirt mé;
dúras;
dúrt 		dúirt tú;
dúrais 		dúirt sé, sí dúramar;
dúirt muid 		dúirt sibh;
dúrabhair 		dúirt siad;
dúradar 		a dúirt /
a ndúirt* 		dúradh
past habitual deirinn deirteá deireadh sé, sí deirimis;
deireadh muid 		deireadh sibh deiridís;
deireadh siad 		a deireadh /
a ndeireadh* 		deirtí
future déarfaidh mé;
déarfad 		déarfaidh tú;
déarfair† 		déarfaidh sé, sí déarfaimid;
déarfaidh muid 		déarfaidh sibh déarfaidh siad;
déarfaid† 		a déarfaidh; a déarfas /
a ndéarfaidh*; a ndéarfas* 		déarfar
conditional déarfainn déarfá déarfadh sé, sí déarfaimis;
déarfadh muid 		déarfadh sibh déarfaidís;
déarfadh siad 		a déarfadh /
a ndéarfadh* 		déarfaí
subjunctive present go ndeire mé;
go ndeiread† 		go ndeire tú;
go ndeirir† 		go ndeire sé, sí go ndeirimid;
go ndeire muid 		go ndeire sibh go ndeire siad;
go ndeirid† 		— go ndeirtear
past dá ndeirinn dá ndeirteá dá ndeireadh sé, sí dá ndeirimis;
dá ndeireadh muid 		dá ndeireadh sibh dá ndeiridís;
dá ndeireadh siad 		— dá ndeirtí
imperative abraim abair abradh sé, sí abraimis abraigí;
abraidh† 		abraidís — abairtear
verbal noun rá
past participle ráite

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form

in older literary language, and sometimes in spoken language, additional forms built on the stem abr- are found:

singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present dependent abraim abrann tú;
abrair 		abrann sé, sí abraimid;
abrann muid 		abrann sibh abrann siad;
abraid 		a n-abrann*;
a n-abras* 		abarthar
past habitual dependent abrainn abartá abradh sé, sí abraimis;
abradh muid 		abradh sibh abraidís;
abradh siad 		a n-abradh* abartaí
future dependent abróidh mé;
abród;
abróchaidh mé 		abróidh tú;
abróir;
abróchaidh tú 		abróidh sé, sí;
abróchaidh sé, sí 		abróimid;
abróidh muid;
abróchaimid;
abróchaidh muid 		abróidh sibh;
abróchaidh sibh 		abróidh siad;
abróid;
abróchaidh siad 		a n-abróidh*;
a n-abrós*;
a n-abróchaidh*;
a n-abróchas* 		abrófar;
abróchar
conditional dependent abróinn;
abróchainn 		abrófá;
abróchthá 		abródh sé, sí;
abróchadh sé, sí 		abróimis;
abródh muid;
abróchaimis;
abróchadh muid 		abródh sibh;
abróchadh sibh 		abróidís;
abródh siad;
abróchadh siad 		a n-abródh*;
a n-abróchadh* 		abrófaí;
abróchaí
subjunctive present go n-abra mé;
go n-abrad 		go n-abra tú;
go n-abrair 		go n-abra sé, sí go n-abraimid;
go n-abra muid 		go n-abra sibh go n-abra siad;
go n-abraid 		— go n-abarthar
past dá n-abrainn dá n-abartá dá n-abradh sé, sí dá n-abraimis;
dá n-abradh muid 		dá n-abradh sibh dá n-abraidís;
dá n-abradh siad 		— dá n-abartaí

Synonyms

Derived terms

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
abair n-abair habair not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Lua error: The template Template:PIE root does not use the parameter(s): 
2=bʰer
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

(deprecated template usage)

From Middle Irish at·beir, from Old Irish as·beir, from Proto-Celtic *ess- (compare Latin ex) + Proto-Celtic *bereti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Pronunciation

Adverb

abair

  1. Used as a modifier, suggesting excitement, much in the way that "how" is used.
    Abair oillteil! ― How dreadful!
    Abair gur àlainn e an-diugh! ― How beautiful that it is today!

Verb

abair (past thuirt, future their, verbal noun ràdh, past participle ráite)

  1. say

Participles

Tense \ Voice Active Passive
Present ag ràdh --
Past thuirt thuirteadh
Future their theirear
Conditional theireadh theirteadh

Derived terms

References

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “abair”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “as-beir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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