ailid

Old Irish

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Celtic *aleti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi. Cognate with Middle Welsh Middle Welsh alu (“bear young”), Latin alō (“I feed, nourish”), Old English alan (“to nourish”).

The future stem has eb- extracted from reduplicated futures like ebarthi (“will bestow it”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸrāti) and ·ebla¹ (“will drive”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸlāti) and reinterpreted as a future marker.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈalʲiðʲ/

Verb

ailid (conjunct ·ail, verbal noun altram)

1. to nourish
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5^b28

     is inse ṅduit; ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.

     it is impossible for you sg; it is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you

2. to rear, foster

Conjugation

Simple, class B I present, t preterite, s future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Abs.						ailit	ailtir
	Conj.			·ail				·alar
	Rel.			ailes			ailte
Imperfect indicative
Preterite	Abs.							altae
	Conj.			·alt	·altammar		·altatar	·alt
	Rel.			altae
Perfect	Deut.
	Prot.
Future	Abs.							ebeltair
	Conj.			·ebela, ·ebla
	Rel.
Conditional				·ebelad				·ebeltae
Present subjunctive	Abs.
	Conj.
	Rel.
Past subjunctive					·almais
Imperative
Verbal noun		altram
Past participle		ailte, altai (plural)
Verbal of necessity

Descendants

• Irish: oil

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ailid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-ailid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ailid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language