ailid
Old Irish
Etymology
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From Proto-Celtic *aleti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi. Cognate with Middle Welsh Middle Welsh alu (“bear young”), Latin alō (“I feed, nourish”), Old English alan (“to nourish”).
The future stem has eb- extracted from reduplicated futures like ebarthi (“will bestow it”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸrāti) and ·ebla¹ (“will drive”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸlāti) and reinterpreted as a future marker.[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
ailid (conjunct ·ail, verbal noun altram)
- to nourish
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
- is inse ṅduit; ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.
- it is impossible for you sg; it is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
- to rear, foster
Conjugation
Simple, class B I present, t preterite, s future, a subjunctive
1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present indicative | Abs. | ailit | ailtir | ||||||
Conj. | ·ail | ·alar | |||||||
Rel. | ailes | ailte | |||||||
Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
Preterite | Abs. | altae | |||||||
Conj. | ·alt | ·altammar | ·altatar | ·alt | |||||
Rel. | altae | ||||||||
Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Future | Abs. | ebeltair | |||||||
Conj. | ·ebela, ·ebla | ||||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Conditional | ·ebelad | ·ebeltae | |||||||
Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
Conj. | |||||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Past subjunctive | ·almais | ||||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Verbal noun | altram | ||||||||
Past participle | ailte, altai (plural) | ||||||||
Verbal of necessity |
Descendants
- Irish: oil
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ailid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-ailid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- ^ Thurneysen, Grammar of Old Irish, § 649
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ailid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Categories:
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish simple verbs
- Old Irish class B I present verbs
- Old Irish t preterite verbs
- Old Irish s future verbs
- Old Irish a subjunctive verbs